David Heinemeier HanssonModify

Mark Zuckerberg just announced a stunning pivot for Meta's approach to social media censorship. Here's what he's going to do:

This new approach is going to govern all the Meta realms, from Facebook to Threads to Instagram. Meaning it'll affect the interactions of some three billion people around the globe. In other words, this is huge.

As to be expected, many are highly skeptical of Zuckerberg's motives. And for good reason. Despite making a soaring speech to the values of free speech back in 2019, Meta, together with Twitter, became one of the primary weapons for a political censorship regime that went into overdrive during the pandemic.

Both Meta and Twitter received direct instructions from the US government, among other institutions, on what was to be considered allowable speech and what was to be banned. The specifics shifted over those awful years, but everything from questioning the origins of the Covid virus to disputing vaccine efficacy to objections on mass migration to the Hunter Biden laptop leak all qualified for heavy-handed intervention.

The primary rhetorical fig leaves for this censorship regime was "hate speech" and "misinformation". Terms that almost immediately lost all objective content, and turned into mere descriptors of "speech we don't like". Either because it was politically inconvenient or because it offended certain holy tenants of the woke religion that reigned at the time.

But that era is now over. Between Meta and X, the gravity of the global discourse has swung dramatically in favor of free expression. I suspect that YouTube and Reddit will eventually follow suit as well. But even if they don't, it won't really matter. The forbidden opinions and inconvenient information will still be able to reach a wide audience.

That's a momentous and positive moment for the world. And it's a particularly proud moment for America, since this is all downstream from the country's first amendment protection of free speech.

But it's also adding to the growing chasm between America and Europe. And the United Kingdom in particular. While America is recovering from the authoritarian grip on free speech in terms of both social media policies and broader social consequences (remember cancel culture?), the Brits are doubling down.

Any post on social media made in Britain is liable to have those cute little bobbies show up at your door with a not-so-cute warrant for your arrest. The delusional UK police commissioner is even threatening to "come after" people from around the world, if they write bad tweets.

And Europe isn't far behind. Thierry Breton, the former European Commissioner, spent much of last year threatening American tech companies, and Elon Musk in particular, with draconian sanctions, if they failed to censor on the EU's behest. He has thankfully since been dismissed, but the sentiment of censorship is alive and well in the EU.

This is why the world needs America. From the UK to the EU to Brazil, China, Russia, and Iran, political censorship is very popular. And for a couple of dark years in the US, it looked like the whole world was about to be united in an authoritarian crackdown on speech of all sorts.

But Elon countered the spell. His acquisition of Twitter and its transformation into X was the pivotal moment for both American and global free speech. And if you allow yourself to zoom out from the day-to-day antics of the meme lord at large, you should be able to see clearly how the timeline split.

I know that's hard to do for a lot of people who've traded in their Trump Derangement Syndrome diagnosis for a Musk Derangement Syndrome variety (or simply added it to their inventory of mental challenges). And I get it. It's hard to divorce principles from people! We're all liable to mix and confuse the two.

And speaking of Trump, which, to be honest, I try not to do too often, because I know how triggering he is,  credit is still due. There's no way this incredible vibe shift would have happened as quickly or as forcefully without his comeback win.

Now I doubt that any of his political opponents are going to give him any credit for this, even if they do perhaps quietly celebrate the pivot on free speech. And that's OK. I don't expect miracles, and we don't need them either. You don't need to love every champion of your principles to quietly appreciate their contributions.

Which very much reminds me of the historic lawsuit that the Jewish lawyers at the ACLU (in its former glory) fought to allow literal nazis to match in the streets of Skokie, Illinois. That case goes to the crux of free speech. That in order for you to voice your dissent on Trump or Musk or whatever, you need the protection of the first amendment to cover those who want to dissent in the opposite direction too.

That's a principle that's above the shifting winds and vibes of whoever is in power. It's entire purpose is to protect speech that's unpopular with the rulers of the moment. And as we've seen, electoral fortunes can change! It's in your own self interest to affirm a set of rules for participation in the political debate that live beyond the what's expedient for partisan success in the short term.

I for one am stoked about Meta's pivot on censorship. I've historically not exactly been Mark Zuckerberg's biggest fan, and I do think it's fair to question the authenticity of him and this move, but I'm not going to let any of that get in the way of applauding this monumental decision. The world needs America and its exceptional principles more than ever. I will cheer for Zuckerberg without reservation when he works in their service.

Now how do we get the UK and the EU to pivot as well?

Jim Carrey once said that he hoped everyone could "...get rich and famous and do everything they dreamed of so they can see that it is not the answer". And while I sorta agree, I think the opposite position also has its appeal: That believing in a material fix to the problem of existence dangles a carrot of hope that's depressing to go without.

What made me think of Carrey's quote was this tale of the startup founder behind Loom, who made out with a $60m windfall when his business was sold, and is still working his way through the existential crisis that created. It's harder than you think to suddenly have all the freedom you ever desired land in your lap. You may just realize that you don't actually know what to do with it all!

And this predicament isn't reserved for successful entrepreneurs either. You see miniature revelations of this in many stories of retirement. Workers who after a long life toiling away suddenly arrive at the promised land of unlimited time, the basics taken care of, and full freedom from all responsibilities and obligations. Some literally wither away from all that excess freedom.

One of the Danish newspapers I read recently published a series on exactly this phenomenon. Pensioners who realize that life without work can be a surprisingly difficult place to find meaning in. That being needed, being useful is far more attractive than leaning back in leisure. And, as a result, more and more senior Danes are returning to the workforce, at least part time, to reclaim some of that meaning.

I think you can even draw a connection to the stereotype of rich kids who grow up never being asked to do contribute anything, busy bossing the help around, and as a result end up floundering in a vapid realm of materialism. Condemned rather than blessed.

Yes, this all rhymes a bit with that iconic scene from The Matrix where Cypher is negotiating a return to blissful ignorance with Agent Smith: I don't want to remember nothing! Because once you know that the material carrot is just like the spoon that bends because it doesn't actually exist, you're condemned to a life of knowing that what you imagine as nirvana probably isn't.

What beautiful irony: That the prize for catching the carrot is the realization that chasing it was more fun.

The hardest part for me about collaborating with junior programmers, whether it's in open source or at work, is avoiding the premise trap. That's where the fundamental assumptions baked into the first draft of the code aren't questioned until you've already spent far too long improving the implementation. It's the same with AI.

Because AI at the moment is like a superb junior programmer. One with an encyclopedic knowledge about syntax and APIs, but also one saddled with the same propensities to produce overly-complicated, subtly-defective solutions.

You could read this as a bullish signal for the future of AI programming. That the current trajectory is tracking with the human programmer's progression tree, and that eventually, like the best juniors, it'll graduate to senior levels of competence in the fine details of code aesthetics, novel problem reasoning, and architectural coherence. I hope that's the case.

But that doesn't change the fact that, as of right now, I've yet to see any of the AI models I've been using for the past year produce great code within domains that I'm very familiar with. Occasionally there'll be a glimmer, just like with promising junior programmers, but taken as a whole, the solutions almost always need material amounts of rework.

Which is when that premise trap claps!

I've seen this repeatedly with both the Ruby and JavaScript code that comes out of the AI, so I doubt it's that particular to one language over another. But the propensity to pull in needless dependencies, the overly-verbose presentation, and the architectural dead ends are there all the time.

This is what I hear from people who are trying to use AI to write entire systems for them without actually being capable programmers themselves. That it's an incredible rush to see a prototype come to life in mere minutes, but that actually moving this forward to something that works reliably often turns into a one-step-forwards-two-steps-backwards dance. (Not unlike the many stories someone might have getting catfished by a barely qualified junior programmer on Upwork!).

While that's frustrating, it makes perfect sense when you consider the training data that has been teaching these models. The endless stream of basic online tutorials, Stack Overflow simplified answers, and the unfortunate reality that a fair chunk of internet programming content is made by the blind leading the blind.

Senior human programmers all got started on the same information diet, but eventually graduated to higher levels of understanding and mastery by working on proprietary code bases. Where all the trade-offs that are absent in tutorial-style code reveal themselves and demand to be weighed with finesse.

I think the next big leap for these models under the current paradigm probably isn't likely to happen until they're exposed to a vast corpus on proprietary, corporate code. And how that's going to happen isn't entirely clear at the moment.

So in the mean time, as a senior programmer, you'd do well to treat AI as you would a junior programmer. It's rarely going to save you time asking it to produce an entire system, or even subsystem, if you care about the final quality of the architecture or implementation. Because to verify the assumptions that have been baked into its path will require spending as much time to understand the choices as it would doing the work yourself.

I remain bullish on AI writing code for us all, but also remain realistic about its current abilities. As well as alert to the danger of luring more senior programmers, including myself, into signing off on slop, while it saps our stamina for continued learning, as we lean too much on AI writing for us rather than teaching how.

May this piece age badly within a few short years!

Jaguar's new rebrand is getting murdered online, and for good reason. The clichés are as thick as the diversity pandering is dated. CREATE EXUBERANT. LIVE VIVID. DELETE ORDINARY. You'd think these were slogans from a Will Ferrel bit about insufferable marketing trons, but nope, that's the 2024 campaign for a car maker that won't be selling any cars until 2026. Utterly tone-deaf, out of tune with the vibe shift, and quite likely the final gasp of a storied but dying British brand. SAD!

Contrast this with the advertisement for Volvo's latest EX90. It's a 3:45-minute emotional cinematic ride that illustrates to perfect what it means to have a strong brand. To stand for something, and actually mean it. 

It's not even that original! They did a variation of the same theme six years ago for the same car, but that detracts nothing from its brilliance. In fact, the opposite. Brand is like culture: It's all about repetition and authenticity. Being who you say you are, over and over.

Volvo is safety, safety is paramount to parents, so Volvo is for parents. It's that simple, and it's that powerful. But only because it's actually true! You couldn't run this branding campaign for, say, Toyota, and see the same success. Toyota has their roots in reliability. That's their story.

But Volvo literally does care. Their history includes giving away the patent to the seatbelt. In Sweden, they have a crash response team that goes to the scene of accidents involving Volvo cars to learn how they can become safer (and they've been doing this since the 70s!!). And in the UK, the XC90 had no official deaths recorded since the car was introduced in 2004 (at least per 2018).

Volvo also does safety quite differently than most auto makers. They're not just studying and optimizing for the crash-ratings tests, which is what it seems drive most other manufacturers. Their cars do very well when the test expands to include new scenarios because it's designed to be best-in-reality not just best-in-test.

All that is to say that the branding strength of Volvo rests on congruence, consistency, and commitment to doing the same thing, a little better every year, for basically an eternity. It's incredibly inspiring.

Frankly, it makes me want to buy a Volvo! Even though by all sorts of natural inclinations (speed/design/heritage), I should be interested in a new Jaguar. But I wouldn't be caught dead in a Jaguar now. That's the power of advertisement: To lift and to diminish.

I'm sure there are truly pathological cases of ADHD out there, and maybe taking amphetamines really is a magic pill for some folks. But there clearly is also an entire cottage industry cropping up around convincing perfectly normal people that they suffer from ADHD, and that this explains many unwanted aspects of the human condition.

Take this thread I stumbled across on X today by an "ADHD coach": The ADHD Basics. It lists five primary symptoms:

No wonder we've seen an explosion of ADHD diagnosis. This list applies to most humans at least part of the time! I would even say that all five applies to me much of the time. So does this mean I suffer from ADHD and should start taking Adderall? Come on.

This is usually when the hand waving starts: "Sure, you may recognize all those symptoms, but for true ADHD sufferers, they're just, like, worse!". Okay, but what kind of diagnostic standard is that?!

The official presentation of ADHD symptoms as listed on Wikipedia isn't much better than what the five from the ADHD coach either.  It includes markers such as:

Again, I can recognize myself in several of those from time to time. And if you include the entire list of markers from the DSM-5, I'm sure I can rack up the five+ necessary to earn an official designation of ADHD. That's just ridiculous.

It's even worse when it comes to kids, but Abigail Shrier already covered that topic expertly in Bad Therapy, so I won't repeat that here. If only to marvel at the collective insanity where being loud or animated during play is a pathological marker for children! Now that's crazy. 

But I know this is a touchy subject for plenty of parents of kids who struggle in ways that might fall under some of these rubrics. So let's leave the kids out of this for a minute and focus on the adults instead.

A total of 45 million Adderall prescriptions were written in the US in 2023. That's up from 35 million in 2019. A great many of these were surely made to people who got convinced that being "forgetful" or "attracted to novelty" isn't just part of being human, but an affliction requiring amphetamines to mitigate.

What this reminds me of is the concept of cold readings. Where a psychic slyly prods for revealing details from their subject while vaguely throwing out potential hooks left, right, and center. The subject is induced to ignore the vagueness that doesn't apply to their situation, but focus on the inevitable hits that convince someone that what they desperately want to hear is true.

I think a lot of people desperately want to hear that there's a medical reason for why they sometimes can't focus, don't feel motivated, forget things, or find breaking bad habits hard (and not something as boring as you need better sleep, regular exercise, and an improved diet). So when ADHD coaches show up to make them feel better with a medical label, it's compelling to partake in the cold reading, and get the answer you were hoping for.

But that's nonsense. You don't need a diagnosis to be a flawed human. It goes for all of us. So if you want to supercharge your morning's productivity routine by popping a pill or two of amphetamines, own it! Don't hide behind some label (or think you're immune to the long-term effects of taking speed either).

I've known Tobi for over twenty years now. Right from the earliest days of Ruby on Rails, when he was building Snowdevil, which eventually became Shopify, to sell snowboards online. Here's his first commit to Rails from 2004, which improved the ergonomics of controller testing. Just one out of the 131 commits he made to the framework from 2004-2010 -- a record still good enough to be in the top 100 all-time contributors to Rails!

But Tobi's contributions to Ruby on Rails extend far beyond his individual commits to the framework, creating Active Merchant and the Liquid templating system, or serving on the Rails Core Team back in the early days. With Shopify, Tobi more or less single-handedly killed the zombie argument that Rails couldn't scale by building the world's most popular hosted e-commerce platform and routing a sizable portion of all online sales through it.

In the process, Tobi built an incredible technical organization to support this effort. Shopify employs a third of the Rails Core Team, developed the YJIT compiler for Ruby, and contributed in a billion other ways. They are without a doubt the most generous benefactor in the Ruby on Rails world.

So when Tobi asked me whether I'd be interested in joining Shopify's board, I needed no pause to consider the invitation. OF COURSE I WOULD!

But to be honest, it wasn't just a reflexive answer to service the gratitude I've felt toward Shopify for many years. It was also to satisfy a selfish curiosity to wrestle with problems at a scale that none of my own work has ever touched. 

Both in terms of the frontier programming problems inherent in dealing with a majestic monolith clocking in at five million lines of code, and the challenge of guiding thousands of programmers to productively extend it, Shopify deals with a scale several orders of magnitude beyond what I do day-to-day at 37signals. That's interesting!

So too is the sheer magnitude of the impact Shopify is having on the world of commerce. While much of the web is decaying to enshitification and entropy, Shopify stores stand out by being faster to browse, quicker to checkout, and easier to trust. That's enabling a vast array of individual entrepreneurs and businesses to have a competitive shopping experience against the likes of Amazon, without needing huge teams to do it.

It's always a delight when I find a cool store, and I learn that it's running on Shopify. As I spoke with Tobi about on the announcement show, this was really hammered home after I got into mechanical keyboards. Seemingly every single vendor of thocky and clicky keyboards use Shopify! And when I see that, not only am I sure that buying won't be a hassle, but I also know I'm not going to get scammed. That's the Shopify magic: Leveling the commercial playing field between some obscure keyboard maker and the consolidated titans of e-commerce.

And now I get to help further that mission from the inside! What a treat. Thanks Tobi!