2026-03-03 22:53:07
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The Strait of Hormuz is one of the world’s most critical energy chokepoints, with both exporters and importers of crude oil heavily reliant on flows through the Strait.
This visualization maps which countries export crude oil and condensate through the Strait of Hormuz—and, more importantly, which countries import those flows. The data is from the U.S. Energy Information Administration and is for Q1 2025.
Oil flows through the Strait of Hormuz are heavily concentrated among a few Gulf producers. Saudi Arabia accounts for the largest share of crude and condensate exports transiting the strait, at 37.2% of the total.
The data table below breaks down the origin countries and their shares of crude oil and condensate exports through the Strait of Hormuz as of Q1 2025:
| Country | Share of the Strait of Hormuz's Oil and Condensate Exports |
|---|---|
 Saudi Arabia |
37.2% |
 Iraq |
22.8% |
 United Arab Emirates |
12.9% |
 Iran |
10.6% |
 Kuwait |
10.1% |
 Qatar |
4.4% |
| Other | 1.9% |
Iraq follows with 22.8%, while the United Arab Emirates contributes 12.9%. Iran (10.6%) and Kuwait (10.1%) round out the top five exporters. Together, these five countries account for 93.6% of all crude and condensate volumes moving through the strait.
This concentration underscores how closely global oil markets are tied to production in the Persian Gulf.
With recent military conflict in the Middle East and Iran’s announcement that it would attack any ship passing through the Strait, more than 20% of global oil flows are now at risk.
On the demand side, Asia is overwhelmingly reliant on oil shipments through the Strait of Hormuz. Asian countries collectively receive 89.2% of the crude oil and condensate that transit the waterway.
The data table below shows the destination countries and their shares of crude oil and condensate exports through the Strait of Hormuz as of Q1 2025:
| Country | Share of Oil and Condensate Imports From the Strait of Hormuz |
|---|---|
 China |
37.7% |
 India |
14.7% |
| Other Asia | 13.9% |
 South Korea |
12.0% |
 Japan |
10.9% |
 Europe |
3.8% |
 United States |
2.5% |
| Other | 4.5% |
China alone accounts for 37.7% of total flows—more than any other country by a wide margin. India is the second-largest destination at 14.7%, followed by South Korea at 12.0% and Japan at 10.9%. Other Asian countries make up 13.9% of crude oil and condensate flows that pass through the Strait.
In contrast, the United States receives just 2.5% of these flows, reflecting its increased domestic production and diversified import sources.
Any closure or disruption of the Strait of Hormuz would disproportionately impact Asian economies, particularly China and India, which together receive over half of all volumes passing through the strait.
To learn more about global crude oil trade flows, check out this graphic visualizing 2024’s biggest crude oil exporters and importers on Voronoi.
2026-03-03 21:56:21
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In response to large-scale airstrikes by the U.S. and Israel on February 28, 2026, Iran launched a series of retaliatory airstrikes on U.S. military assets across the Middle East.
The U.S. has had a substantial military presence in the Middle East for decades, including most notably during the two Gulf Wars. Today between 40,000-50,000 American military personnel are stationed across roughly 10 countries in the region.
This map shows the locations of unclassified U.S. military bases and assets across the Middle East, using modified 2025 data from the Council on Foreign Relations.
Notably, in addition to targeting formal military facilities such as the Al Dhafra base in the United Arab Emirates, the Iranian military also attacked commercial facilities which are used by the U.S. military such as the ports of Duqm and Jebel Ali.
The most concentrated U.S. military presence in the Middle East is in and around the Persian Gulf, which is home to the largest single source of petroleum worldwide.
The U.S. has military bases in each of the Gulf states except Iran, with Qatar holding the largest single regional base at Al Udeid Air Base. Over 10,000 U.S. military personnel are stationed in that base alone.
The data table below highlights unclassified U.S. military assets around the Middle East, and their status in the current conflict as of March 2nd:
| U.S. Military Asset | Country | Targeted by Iran? |
|---|---|---|
| Ain al-Asad Air Base |
Iraq |
Yes |
| Akrotiri (RAF) |
  Cyprus (UK base with U.S. troops) |
Yes |
| Al Dhafra Air Base |
United Arab Emirates |
Yes |
| Al Udeid Air Base |
Qatar |
Yes |
| Ali Al-Salem Air Base |
Kuwait |
Yes |
| Camp Arifjan |
Kuwait |
No |
| Camp As Sayliyah |
Qatar |
No |
| Camp Buehring |
Kuwait |
Yes |
| Camp Lemonnier |
 Djibouti |
No |
| Duqm Port |
 Oman |
Yes |
| Erbil Air Base (Al-Harir) |
Iraq |
Yes |
| Incirlik Air Base |
 Türkiye |
No |
| Israel (no base) |
 Israel |
Yes |
| Izmir Air Station |
Türkiye |
No |
| Jebel Ali Port |
UAE |
Yes |
| MFO South Camp (Sinai) |
 Egypt |
No |
| Muwaffaq al-Salti Air Base |
 Jordan |
Yes |
| NE Syria (various) |
 Syria |
No |
| NSA Bahrain |
 Bahrain |
Yes |
| Prince Sultan Air Base |
Saudi Arabia |
Yes |
| Thumrait / Masirah |
Oman |
No |
| Tower 22 |
Jordan |
No |
Over 13,500 soldiers are stationed in Kuwait, with this small Gulf country welcoming hefty U.S. military personnel following the Gulf Wars. All but one U.S.-Kuwaiti base has been targeted by Iran.
The U.S. also holds Middle Eastern bases beyond the immediate vicinity of Iran, and some of these facilities were also the target of Iranian drones and missiles.
The British airbase of Akrotiri in Cyprus, which hosts U.S. troops, faced a sustained drone attack alleged to have been carried out by the Iran-backed Lebanese paramilitary group Hezbollah. This marks the first attack on a European country within this conflict.
Nearby Israel was also bombarded, while Jordan’s Muwaffaq al-Salti Air Base intercepted missiles over what appeared to be Iran’s farthest land target.
Notably, none of the U.S. military installations in nearby Djibouti, Egypt, or Türkiye appear to have been targeted.
The U.S. and Israeli strikes which began on February 28th decimated much of Iran’s top leadership, including Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei as well as over 40 others.
Iran’s avowed retaliation has already placed U.S. military personnel across the Middle East on high alert. While the U.S. government has indicated its expectation that the conflict could last for weeks, the significant escalation has already had a severe impact on global markets, owing to the Persian Gulf’s central role in the world’s oil and gas industry.
If you enjoyed today’s post, check out How Big is Iran? on Voronoi, the new app from Visual Capitalist.
2026-03-03 21:06:39
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Where are Americans moving since 2020?
Between April 2020 and July 2025, the U.S. population grew by more than 10 million people, but growth was heavily concentrated in a handful of states. This map shows the percentage change in each state’s population over the past five years, alongside total gains and losses in residents.
The data for this visualization comes from the U.S. Census Bureau. It measures total population change from April 2020 to July 2025.
The South was the clear growth engine of the country, expanding by 6.0% and adding more than 7.5 million people. Texas led the nation in numeric gains, adding 2.56 million residents. Florida followed closely with 1.92 million new residents, while North Carolina and Georgia also posted strong increases.
| Rank | State | Population change (2020-2025) | Percent change |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Texas | 2,560,323 | 8.8% |
| 2 | Florida | 1,924,311 | 8.9% |
| 3 | North Carolina | 756,576 | 7.2% |
| 4 | Georgia | 588,887 | 5.5% |
| 5 | Arizona | 465,714 | 6.5% |
| 6 | South Carolina | 452,024 | 8.8% |
| 7 | Tennessee | 402,757 | 5.8% |
| 8 | Washington | 293,501 | 3.8% |
| 9 | Utah | 267,303 | 8.2% |
| 10 | New Jersey | 259,191 | 2.8% |
| 11 | Virginia | 248,688 | 2.9% |
| 12 | Colorado | 237,235 | 4.1% |
| 13 | Idaho | 190,610 | 10.4% |
| 14 | Indiana | 186,728 | 2.8% |
| 15 | Nevada | 176,595 | 5.7% |
| 16 | Alabama | 167,651 | 3.3% |
| 17 | Oklahoma | 163,934 | 4.1% |
| 18 | Minnesota | 123,672 | 2.2% |
| 19 | Massachusetts | 120,972 | 1.7% |
| 20 | Missouri | 115,628 | 1.9% |
| 21 | Arkansas | 103,261 | 3.4% |
| 22 | Ohio | 101,065 | 0.9% |
| 23 | Kentucky | 100,577 | 2.2% |
| 24 | Maryland | 83,707 | 1.4% |
| 25 | Connecticut | 80,746 | 2.2% |
| 26 | Wisconsin | 78,464 | 1.3% |
| 27 | Delaware | 70,002 | 7.1% |
| 28 | Montana | 60,473 | 5.6% |
| 29 | Pennsylvania | 56,679 | 0.4% |
| 30 | Nebraska | 56,026 | 2.9% |
| 31 | Maine | 51,656 | 3.8% |
| 32 | Michigan | 48,522 | 0.5% |
| 33 | South Dakota | 48,438 | 5.5% |
| 34 | Iowa | 47,805 | 1.5% |
| 35 | Kansas | 39,234 | 1.3% |
| 36 | New Hampshire | 37,769 | 2.7% |
| 37 | Oregon | 36,304 | 0.9% |
| 38 | North Dakota | 20,222 | 2.6% |
| 39 | Rhode Island | 17,164 | 1.6% |
| 40 | Wyoming | 11,881 | 2.1% |
| 41 | New Mexico | 8,006 | 0.4% |
| 42 | District of Columbia | 4,101 | 0.6% |
| 43 | Alaska | 3,887 | 0.5% |
| 44 | Vermont | 1,586 | 0.2% |
| 45 | Mississippi | -7,104 | -0.2% |
| 46 | Hawaii | -22,447 | -1.5% |
| 47 | West Virginia | -27,612 | -1.5% |
| 48 | Louisiana | -39,705 | -0.9% |
| 49 | Illinois | -102,600 | -0.8% |
| 50 | California | -200,394 | -0.5% |
| 51 | New York | -201,269 | -1.0% |
In percentage terms, Idaho (+10.4%), Florida (+8.9%), and Texas (+8.8%) were among the fastest-growing states. Lower taxes, job growth, and domestic migration have all contributed to this sustained southern expansion.
Western states posted moderate overall growth of 1.9%. Arizona (+6.5%), Utah (+8.2%), and Nevada (+5.7%) stood out, while California saw a decline of 200,394 residents (-0.5%).
The Midwest grew just 1.1% overall. States like Indiana and Minnesota saw modest gains, but growth lagged behind the South. Industrial restructuring and slower job creation continue to weigh on parts of the region.
The Northeast recorded the slowest regional growth at just 0.7%. New York experienced the largest population drop in the country, losing 201,269 residents (-1.0%). Illinois (-102,600) and Louisiana (-39,705) also saw significant declines, while West Virginia (-1.5%) and Hawaii (-1.5%) posted the largest percentage losses.
If you enjoyed today’s post, check out Mapped: Job Growth in Every U.S. State in 2025 on Voronoi, the new app from Visual Capitalist.
2026-03-03 02:25:00
Startup ecosystems are emerging around the world, but a small group of countries continues to lead the charge.
Created in partnership with Terzo, this graphic shows the countries that rank highest by entrepreneurship ecosystem. It’s part of our Markets in a Minute series, which delivers quick economic insights for executives.
According to StartupBlink, the United States dominates with a score of 254.1, more than three times higher than second-place United Kingdom (70.7). Israel (62.2), Singapore (54.7), and Canada (45.4) complete the top five, highlighting a mix of scale-driven giants and highly efficient innovation hubs.
| Global Startup Ecosystem Index | ||
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | Country | Score |
| 1 | U.S. | 254.1 |
| 2 | UK | 70.7 |
| 3 | Israel | 62.2 |
| 4 | Singapore | 54.7 |
| 5 | Canada | 45.4 |
| 6 | Sweden | 35.3 |
| 7 | Germany | 33.2 |
| 8 | France | 32.4 |
| 9 | Switzerland | 31.7 |
| 10 | Netherlands | 30.9 |
| 11 | Estonia | 30.7 |
| 12 | Australia | 28.8 |
| 13 | China | 26.9 |
| 14 | Spain | 23.2 |
| 15 | Finland | 22.9 |
| 16 | Ireland | 21.2 |
| 17 | Denmark | 20.8 |
| 18 | Japan | 18.1 |
| 19 | Lithuania | 17.5 |
| 20 | South Korea | 16.6 |
The rest of the ranking is spread across Europe. Sweden, Germany, France, Switzerland, and the Netherlands maintain strong positions thanks to deep talent pools and access to capital.
These scores are based on three core components that together define ecosystem strength.
The first is quantity, which includes variables like the number of startups, investors, and accelerators operating within a country. The second is quality, which includes total private-sector startup investment and startup employment. Finally, the startup business environment measures factors such as diversity, internet speed and affordability, and internet freedom.
By combining these subindexes, the ranking provides a holistic snapshot of where founders have the strongest foundations to launch and scale new ventures.
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2026-03-03 01:19:05
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How indebted is your country today?
Based on the latest available data (Q4 2025) from the Institute of International Finance’s Global Debt Monitor, several major economies now carry total debt loads exceeding 300% of GDP, meaning their combined household, corporate, and government borrowing is worth more than three years of economic output.
This visualization ranks 35 countries by their total debt-to-GDP ratios, combining household, corporate, and government borrowing into one measure.
With a total debt burden of 380%, Hong Kong has the world’s highest total debt. This small special administrative region (SAR) of China is highly developed and urbanized, counting roughly 7.5 million inhabitants.
While its government debt is a relatively slim 67% and its total household debt of 86% hovers around global developed-country standards, Hong Kong’s corporate debt is a staggering 227% of GDP, making up nearly the entirety of its total debt burden.
The table below shows the total debt burden and breakdowns for household, corporate, and government debt to GDP:
| Country | Household Debt (% GDP) | Nonfinancial Corporate Debt (% GDP) | Government Debt (% GDP) | Total Debt (% GDP) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 Hong Kong |
86 | 227 | 67 | 380 |
|
Japan |
60 | 113 | 199 | 372 |
 Singapore |
45 | 130 | 172 | 347 |
 France |
59 | 156 | 110 | 326 |
 Canada |
100 | 118 | 97 | 315 |
|
China |
60 | 142 | 97 | 298 |
|
United States |
68 | 73 | 123 | 264 |
|
South Korea |
89 | 111 | 49 | 249 |
 Italy |
36 | 59 | 141 | 236 |
 Malaysia |
70 | 88 | 66 | 224 |
 Thailand |
88 | 76 | 60 | 223 |
|
Bahrain |
24 | 56 | 143 | 223 |
|
United Kingdom |
74 | 59 | 81 | 214 |
 Germany |
49 | 89 | 63 | 200 |
|
Israel |
43 | 71 | 70 | 184 |
 Brazil |
36 | 50 | 92 | 178 |
|
Jordan |
27 | 56 | 90 | 172 |
 Grenada |
37 | 64 | 68 | 168 |
 Maldives |
18 | 17 | 132 | 167 |
|
India |
39 | 49 | 74 | 163 |
 Vietnam |
23 | 107 | 32 | 161 |
 Hungary |
18 | 70 | 73 | 161 |
 Chile |
41 | 86 | 31 | 158 |
 Senegal |
5 | 29 | 123 | 156 |
 South Africa |
34 | 35 | 79 | 149 |
 Tunisia |
23 | 39 | 81 | 143 |
 El Salvador |
22 | 25 | 88 | 134 |
 Trinidad and Tobago |
34 | 35 | 65 | 134 |
|
Kuwait |
41 | 83 | 7 | 131 |
 Republic of the Congo |
3 | 35 | 93 | 131 |
 Czech Republic |
32 | 51 | 47 | 129 |
 Russia |
21 | 79 | 27 | 127 |
 Ecuador |
29 | 44 | 52 | 125 |
 Morocco |
20 | 37 | 67 | 124 |
 Colombia |
26 | 28 | 68 | 121 |
 Zambia |
6 | 8 | 107 | 120 |
 Mozambique |
9 | 12 | 97 | 118 |
|
United Arab Emirates |
27 | 56 | 34 | 117 |
 Poland |
22 | 35 | 59 | 116 |
 Jamaica |
19 | 36 | 60 | 115 |
 Lao PDR |
11 | 12 | 91 | 114 |
 Rwanda |
12 | 27 | 73 | 113 |
 Costa Rica |
34 | 14 | 60 | 108 |
|
Saudi Arabia |
31 | 45 | 28 | 105 |
|
Oman |
24 | 44 | 35 | 104 |
 Romania |
11 | 29 | 61 | 102 |
|
Egypt |
7 | 20 | 75 | 102 |
 Argentina |
6 | 20 | 76 | 101 |
 Kenya |
9 | 23 | 67 | 100 |
 Philippines |
11 | 26 | 59 | 96 |
 Mongolia |
23 | 24 | 47 | 93 |
 Dominican Republic |
14 | 17 | 60 | 91 |
 Gambia |
7 | 6 | 74 | 87 |
 Mexico |
17 | 21 | 48 | 86 |
 Peru |
13 | 41 | 31 | 86 |
 Pakistan |
2 | 10 | 72 | 84 |
 Serbia |
16 | 23 | 44 | 83 |
 Côte d'Ivoire |
8 | 18 | 56 | 82 |
 Sri Lanka |
10 | 71 | 0 | 80 |
 Indonesia |
15 | 24 | 40 | 79 |
 Bangladesh |
6 | 30 | 40 | 77 |
|
Türkiye |
10 | 38 | 27 | 75 |
 Angola |
1 | 8 | 62 | 71 |
 Benin |
5 | 16 | 51 | 71 |
 Ethiopia |
5 | 16 | 47 | 68 |
 Ghana |
3 | 5 | 59 | 66 |
 Papua New Guinea |
4 | 8 | 50 | 62 |
 Tanzania |
7 | 6 | 50 | 62 |
 Kazakhstan |
19 | 14 | 25 | 58 |
 Nigeria |
13 | 7 | 36 | 56 |
 Cameroon |
3 | 8 | 38 | 49 |
 Honduras |
0 | 0 | 45 | 45 |
 Tajikistan |
11 | 6 | 22 | 39 |
 Uzbekistan |
0 | 0 | 31 | 31 |
However, Hong Kong’s high corporate debt can best be explained by the SAR’s real estate business, in which high-debt transactions are standard. The dynamic real estate sector and related activities contribute roughly a quarter to Hong Kong’s GDP.
In contrast, Japan’s corporate debt (113%) is relatively in line with other OECD and developed peers; however, the government’s sprawling government debt of just shy of 200% of GDP is higher than many countries’ total debt burden.
Government debt woes began to take off following the Lost Decades of economic stagnation which followed the collapse of the Japanese asset price bubble in 1991.
As years of sluggish growth turned into decades, Japanese policymakers opted to incorporate quantitative easing, a policy by which the central bank bought government bonds in order to stimulate economic activity in the country, driving up the country’s national debt in the process.
Today the Bank of Japan owns roughly half of the national debt, while the other half is held in large part by domestic banks and insurance companies.
Japan is not the only country to have had to accrue debt in response to tough times. Back-to-back crises have forced governments to borrow extensively in recent years, from global COVID-19 stimulus responses to more recent industrial and defense purchases across Europe.
Many governments continue to run large fiscal deficits, while households and businesses face rising borrowing costs amid economic uncertainty.
If you enjoyed today’s post, check out Biggest Foreign Buyers and Sellers of U.S. Debt on Voronoi, the new app from Visual Capitalist.
2026-03-02 23:22:23
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China is in the middle of the largest nuclear construction push in the world.
Dozens of reactors are rising across the country, representing nearly 43 gigawatts of new generating capacity. That buildout alone exceeds what every other nation currently has under construction combined.
This chart breaks down which countries are expanding nuclear power in 2025, and below we also cover how much power they are adding to their grids.
The data comes from the World Nuclear Association.
China currently has 37 reactors under construction, representing roughly 42.9 gigawatts (GW) of new capacity.
That is more than six times the capacity being built in either India or Russia, the next closest countries.
As electricity demand rises and older plants retire, nuclear expansion will play a decisive role in shaping long-term energy security and grid stability.
| Country | Reactors Under Construction | Megawatts |
|---|---|---|
|
China |
37 | 42.9K |
|
India |
6 | 5.2K |
|
Russia |
6 | 4.2K |
|
Egypt |
4 | 4.8K |
|
Türkiye |
4 | 4.8K |
|
South Korea |
3 | 4.2K |
|
Bangladesh |
2 | 2.4K |
|
Japan |
2 | 2.8K |
 Ukraine |
2 | 1.9K |
|
United Kingdom |
2 | 3.4K |
|
Argentina |
1 | 0.03K |
|
Brazil |
1 | 1.4K |
|
Hungary |
1 | 1.2K |
|
Iran |
1 | 1.1K |
|
Pakistan |
1 | 1.1K |
 Slovakia |
1 | 0.5K |
|
Canada |
0 | 0K |
|
France |
0 | 0K |
|
USA |
0 | 0K |
Most reactors are initially licensed to operate for about 40 years, though many receive extensions to 60 years or even 80 years with upgrades and maintenance. As older plants reach the end of their lifespans, new reactors are needed to replace retiring capacity, support grid stability, and help countries meet long-term decarbonization goals.
India and Russia are tied for second place with six reactors each under construction. India’s projects total 5.2 GW of capacity, slightly above Russia’s 4.2 GW.
After that, activity drops off quickly. Egypt and Türkiye each have four reactors underway, while most other countries are building one or two.
Notably, several established nuclear powers are absent from the list. As of September 2025, the United States, France, and Canada have no reactors under construction.
If you enjoyed today’s post, check out How Much Control China Has Over the World’s Critical Minerals on Voronoi, the new app from Visual Capitalist.
