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The Fastest Growing Space Economy Sectors by 2035

2026-05-02 01:33:46

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The following content is sponsored by Global X Canada

The Fastest Growing Space Economy Sectors by 2035

Key Takeaways

  • Supply chain and transportation is the fastest-growing sector in the space economy, adding C$445 billion by 2035.
  • Food, defense, and consumer industries are major growth drivers as they adopt space-enabled technologies.

The space economy is expanding beyond rockets and satellites. By 2035, it could power industries far beyond orbit, from logistics to agriculture and national defense.

In partnership with Global X Canada, this graphic is the first of three in the Investing in Space series. It shows the fastest-growing space sectors by 2035 using data from McKinsey.

Which Space Economy Sectors Are Growing Fastest?

The global space economy could nearly triple from C$871 billion in 2023 to C$2.5 trillion by 2035.

Here is a table that shows which sectors are adding the most value by 2035.

Industry 2023 ($CAD Billions) 2035 ($CAD Billions)
Supply chain and transportation 121 566
Food and beverage supply chain logistics 137 459
State sponsored defence 129 345
Retail, consumer goods and lifestyle 77 234
Media, entertainment and sports 197 216
State sponsored civil 85 201
Digital communications 26 96
Space 30 92
Other 69 252

Source: McKinsey.

Growth is not evenly distributed across sectors. Instead, industries like supply chain, which rely on satellite data and connectivity, are expanding the most.

Supply Chain’s Liftoff

Supply chain and transportation lead all sectors, adding C$445 billion in growth by 2035. This surge reflects the increasing importance of real-time tracking via Earth observation and satellite navigation as essential tools for logistics networks.

Meanwhile the food and beverage sector follows closely, driven by advances in precision agriculture and monitoring.

State-sponsored defense ranks third, highlighting rising demand for surveillance, communications, and security. As a result, defense spending continues to accelerate globally.

Investing in Space

By 2035, a C$2.5 trillion space economy could evolve into a broad, multi-industry ecosystem where opportunities are emerging across logistics, agriculture, defense, and communications.

Investors looking to capture this growth may consider exposure to companies enabling these trends. In particular, solutions focused on satellites, data infrastructure, and space-enabled services are becoming increasingly critical.

To learn more, explore the Global X Space Tech Index ETF (ORBX), which targets companies at the forefront of the space economy.

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Commissions, management fees, and expenses all may be associated with an investment in products (the “Global X Funds”) managed by Global X Investments Canada Inc. The Global X Funds are not guaranteed, their values change frequently and past performance may not be repeated. Certain Global X Funds may have exposure to leveraged investment techniques that magnify gains and losses which may result in greater volatility in value and could be subject to aggressive investment risk and price volatility risk. Such risks are described in the prospectus. The prospectus contains important detailed information about the Global X Funds. Please read the relevant prospectus before investing.

Certain statements may constitute a forward-looking statement, including those identified by the expression “expect” and similar expressions (including grammatical variations thereof). The forward-looking statements are not historical facts but reflect the author’s current expectations regarding future results or events. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from current expectations. These and other factors should be considered carefully and readers should not place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are made as of the date hereof and the authors do not undertake to update any forward-looking statement that is contained herein, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, unless required by applicable law.

This communication is intended for informational purposes only and does not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to purchase investment products (the “Global X Funds”) managed by Global X Investments Canada Inc. and is not, and should not be construed as, investment, tax, legal or accounting advice, and should not be relied upon in that regard. Individuals should seek the advice of professionals, as appropriate, regarding any particular investment. Investors should consult their professional advisors prior to implementing any changes to their investment strategies. These investments may not be suitable to the circumstances of an investor.

All comments, opinions and views expressed are generally based on information available as of the date of publication and should not be considered as advice to purchase or to sell mentioned securities. Before making any investment decision, please consult your investment advisor or advisors.

Global X Investments Canada Inc. (“Global X”) is a wholly owned subsidiary of Mirae Asset Global Investments Co., Ltd. (“Mirae Asset”), the Korea-based asset management entity of Mirae Asset Financial Group. Global X is a corporation existing under the laws of Canada and is the manager, investment manager and trustee of the Global X Funds.

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5 Ways Technology is Making Mining Safer

2026-05-02 00:33:00

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The following content is sponsored by Hexagon

5 Ways Technology is Making Mining Safer

Key Takeaways

  • Mining safety tech uses connected systems rather than standalone tools for real-time operational monitoring.
  • Data-driven insights and automation enable continuous safety improvements, helping prevent incidents before they occur.

Mining is one of the most complex and demanding industries in the world. Operations often take place deep underground or in remote regions, where extreme conditions and heavy machinery create a constantly shifting environment.

Though mining provides the raw materials for much of modern life and supports the global energy transition, it also carries significant safety risks. As a result, operators are turning to mining safety tech to better manage these challenges and protect workers on site.

This graphic, in partnership with Hexagon, shows five ways technology is making mining safer through connected systems.

The Evolution of Mining Safety

In the past, mine safety relied on reacting to incidents after they occurred. Systems operated in silos, with limited visibility across equipment, people, and site conditions.

However, that approach no longer works for today’s fast-moving operations. Many industries are shifting toward connected ecosystems that combine data across multiple inputs.

In mining this evolution enables a more proactive safety model. Operators can detect risks earlier, respond faster, and make better data-informed decisions.

As a result, this shift lays the foundation for a new generation of mining safety tech designed to work together rather than alone.

How Mining Safety Tech Works

Each layer of modern mining safety plays a specific role, from monitoring worker proximity to analyzing site-wide data in real time.

Here is a table that shows the core technologies improving safety across today’s mining operations:

Technology Description
Personal Alert Devices Wearable proximity alerts create a digital buffer around workers on foot in high-risk zones.
Collision Avoidance System Real-time detection of vehicles and fixed objects around heavy equipment and light vehicles.
Operator Alertness System Monitors fatigue and distraction in vehicles, generating in-cab alerts, seat vibrations, and supervisor insights.
Vehicle Intervention System Automatically slows or stops trucks if operators fail to act when imminent collisions are detected.
Smart Centre Analysis of field data for actionable insights to improve site safety.

Source: Hexagon.

Together, these systems create a continuous loop of awareness, alerting, and intervention. Data flows between devices, vehicles, and control centres to provide a clearer picture of on-site conditions.

A Closer Look: Collision Avoidance Systems

One of the most critical safety layers is collision avoidance. These systems use real-time positioning and detection to identify nearby vehicles, equipment, and fixed objects.

As a result, operators receive immediate alerts when hazards enter their vicinity. This added visibility helps reduce blind spots and gives workers more time to react in high-risk environments.

How It All Comes Together: The Safety Centre

The full impact of mining safety tech emerges when these systems connect through a centralized safety centre.

By aggregating data from vehicles, wearable devices, and site infrastructure, the safety centre provides a holistic view of operations. This visibility allows teams to identify patterns, anticipate risks, and coordinate responses more effectively.

In mining, real-time operational data and centralized insights are becoming essential. Solutions like those from Hexagon are designed to connect these layers, helping operations become safer, smarter, and more productive.

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Coal Still Generates More Electricity Than Any Other Source

2026-05-01 21:37:04

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This voronoi chart shows global electricity generation by source in 2025.

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Coal Still Powers More Electricity Than Any Other Source

See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources.

Key Takeaways

  • Fossil fuels still generate 57% of global electricity, despite rapid renewable growth.
  • Coal alone produces about 33% of global power, making it the largest source.
  • Solar and wind are now nearly tied, each contributing about 8–9% of global generation.

Coal remains the world’s largest source of electricity, producing roughly one-third of global power in 2025. Despite rapid growth in solar and wind, fossil fuels continue to anchor the global energy system.

This visualization breaks down how 31,779 terawatt-hours of electricity were generated worldwide, highlighting the balance between legacy energy systems and fast-growing clean technologies. Data comes from Ember.

Fossil Fuels Still Lead the Mix

Fossil fuels remain the backbone of global electricity, generating 57% of total output in 2025. Coal alone accounts for nearly one-third of all power produced worldwide, making it the single largest source by a wide margin—larger than any individual clean energy category.

Despite years of climate commitments, many economies still rely heavily on coal and gas to meet baseload demand. This reflects both infrastructure lock-in and the challenges of scaling alternative energy sources quickly enough.

Rank Electricity Source Share (%)
1 Coal 32.97
2 Gas 21.77
3 Hydro 14.00
4 Nuclear 8.85
5 Solar 8.70
6 Wind 8.50
-- Other Fossil 2.65
-- Other Renewables 2.50

Renewables Are Gaining Ground

Clean energy sources collectively generated 43% of global electricity, driven by strong growth in solar and wind. Solar accounted for 8.7% of generation, narrowly surpassing wind at 8.5%, marking a significant milestone for solar’s rapid rise.

Hydropower remained the largest renewable source at 14%, though its growth has slowed in many regions due to geographic and environmental constraints. Other renewables, including biomass and geothermal, contributed a smaller but steady share.

At current growth rates, solar and wind are on track to overtake coal in the coming decades—marking a potential tipping point in the global energy mix.

The Role of Nuclear and Transition Challenges

Nuclear energy continues to play a stabilizing role in the energy mix, supplying nearly 9% of global electricity. Unlike solar and wind, nuclear provides consistent baseload power, making it a key complement as grids integrate more intermittent renewable sources.

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If you enjoyed today’s post, check out For Every $1 Spent on Fossil Fuels, World Spends $1.83 on Clean Energy on Voronoi, the new app from Visual Capitalist.

Mapped: Every Country’s Fertility Rate as Births Decline Worldwide

2026-05-01 19:41:32

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This visualization maps the world’s population by fertility rate

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Every Country’s Fertility Rate as Births Decline Worldwide

See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources.

Key Takeaways

  • 71% of the global population lives in countries below replacement fertility (2.1 births per woman).
  • Major economies like China (1.02), the U.S. (1.62), and Brazil (1.60) are all below this threshold.
  • Sub-Saharan Africa stands out, with fertility rates often above 4.0 and driving future growth.

Most of the world is no longer having enough children to sustain its population.

This map shows fertility rates for every country using data from the United Nations World Population Prospects 2024 Revision. It highlights a widening global divide: while birth rates have fallen across much of Asia, Europe, and the Americas, many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa continue to see far higher fertility.

As a result, future population growth is becoming increasingly concentrated in a smaller number of regions, with major implications for economies and labor markets.

A World Below Replacement

Today, roughly 71% of the global population lives in countries with fertility rates below replacement level. This marks a major demographic shift, as many of the world’s largest economies transition from population growth to long-term decline.

Major population centers like China (1.02), the United States (1.62), and Brazil (1.60) all fall into this category.

Rank Country Population Fertility Rate
1 🇹🇩 Chad 21.0M 5.94
2 🇸🇴 Somalia 19.6M 5.91
3 🇨🇩 DR Congo 112.8M 5.90
4 🇨🇫 Central African Republic 5.5M 5.81
5 🇳🇪 Niger 27.9M 5.79
6 🇲🇱 Mali 25.2M 5.42
7 🇦🇴 Angola 39.0M 4.95
8 🇧🇮 Burundi 14.4M 4.68
9 🇦🇫 Afghanistan 43.8M 4.66
10 🇲🇿 Mozambique 35.6M 4.62
11 🇲🇷 Mauritania 5.3M 4.56
12 🇾🇹 Mayotte 340K 4.50
13 🇹🇿 Tanzania 70.5M 4.47
14 🇧🇯 Benin 14.8M 4.42
15 🇾🇪 Yemen 41.8M 4.41
16 🇳🇬 Nigeria 237.5M 4.30
17 🇸🇩 Sudan 51.7M 4.19
18 🇨🇲 Cameroon 29.9M 4.19
19 🇨🇮 Ivory Coast 32.7M 4.17
20 🇹🇬 Togo 9.7M 4.07
21 🇺🇬 Uganda 51.4M 4.06
22 🇨🇬 Congo 6.5M 4.05
23 🇬🇳 Guinea 15.1M 4.04
24 🇬🇶 Equatorial Guinea 1.9M 4.04
25 🇧🇫 Burkina Faso 24.1M 4.00
26 🇿🇲 Zambia 21.9M 3.97
27 🇲🇬 Madagascar 32.7M 3.84
28 🇪🇹 Ethiopia 135.5M 3.81
29 🇬🇲 Gambia 2.8M 3.80
30 🇱🇷 Liberia 5.7M 3.79
31 🇰🇲 Comoros 880K 3.76
32 🇼🇸 Samoa 220K 3.75
33 🇸🇳 Senegal 18.9M 3.71
34 🇸🇸 South Sudan 12.2M 3.71
35 🇬🇼 Guinea-Bissau 2.2M 3.68
36 🇿🇼 Zimbabwe 16.9M 3.62
37 🇪🇷 Eritrea 3.6M 3.61
38 🇸🇱 Sierra Leone 8.8M 3.61
39 🇷🇼 Rwanda 14.6M 3.59
40 🇬🇦 Gabon 2.6M 3.54
41 🇻🇺 Vanuatu 340K 3.53
42 🇲🇼 Malawi 22.2M 3.53
43 🇸🇹 Sao Tome and Principe 240K 3.53
44 🇵🇰 Pakistan 255.2M 3.50
45 🇸🇧 Solomon Islands 840K 3.47
46 🇺🇿 Uzbekistan 37.0M 3.45
47 🇬🇭 Ghana 35.1M 3.30
48 🇬🇫 French Guiana 310K 3.29
49 🇳🇷 Nauru 10K 3.25
50 🇵🇸 Palestine 5.6M 3.19
51 🇮🇶 Iraq 47.0M 3.17
52 🇳🇦 Namibia 3.1M 3.17
53 🇹🇻 Tuvalu 10K 3.14
54 🇰🇪 Kenya 57.5M 3.12
55 🇰🇮 Kiribati 140K 3.09
56 🇹🇴 Tonga 100K 3.07
57 🇵🇬 Papua New Guinea 10.8M 3.03
58 🇹🇯 Tajikistan 10.8M 2.99
59 🇰🇿 Kazakhstan 20.8M 2.95
60 🇲🇭 Marshall Islands 40K 2.82
61 🇮🇱 Israel 9.5M 2.75
62 🇰🇬 Kyrgyzstan 7.3M 2.75
63 🇬🇺 Guam 170K 2.71
64 🇪🇬 Egypt 118.4M 2.71
65 🇫🇲 Micronesia 110K 2.71
66 🇸🇿 Eswatini 1.3M 2.68
67 🇩🇿 Algeria 47.4M 2.67
68 🇧🇼 Botswana 2.6M 2.66
69 🇸🇾 Syria 25.6M 2.66
70 🇱🇸 Lesotho 2.4M 2.64
71 🇲🇫 Saint Martin (French part) 20K 2.63
72 🇹🇲 Turkmenistan 7.6M 2.63
73 🇭🇹 Haiti 11.9M 2.59
74 🇲🇳 Mongolia 3.5M 2.58
75 🇩🇯 Djibouti 1.2M 2.58
76 🇯🇴 Jordan 11.5M 2.57
77 🇹🇰 Tokelau 0.0K 2.57
78 🇹🇱 Timor-Leste 1.4M 2.56
79 🇰🇭 Cambodia 17.9M 2.51
80 🇧🇴 Bolivia 12.6M 2.50
81 🇴🇲 Oman 5.5M 2.48
82 🇳🇺 Niue 0.0K 2.46
83 🇭🇳 Honduras 11.0M 2.45
84 🇵🇾 Paraguay 7.0M 2.39
85 🇬🇾 Guyana 840K 2.37
86 🇱🇦 Laos 7.9M 2.36
87 🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia 34.6M 2.29
88 🇲🇵 Northern Mariana Islands 40K 2.28
89 🇬🇹 Guatemala 18.7M 2.26
90 🇱🇾 Libya 7.5M 2.25
91 🇫🇯 Fiji 930K 2.25
92 🇦🇸 American Samoa 50K 2.25
93 🇸🇷 Suriname 640K 2.21
94 🇱🇧 Lebanon 5.8M 2.21
95 🇫🇴 Faroe Islands 60K 2.20
96 🇩🇴 Dominican Republic 11.5M 2.19
97 🇿🇦 South Africa 64.8M 2.19
98 🇲🇦 Morocco 38.4M 2.18
99 🇳🇮 Nicaragua 7.0M 2.18
100 🇪🇭 Western Sahara 600K 2.15
101 🇷🇪 Réunion 880K 2.13
102 🇧🇩 Bangladesh 175.7M 2.11
103 🇮🇩 Indonesia 285.7M 2.10
104 🇲🇨 Monaco 40K 2.09
105 🇵🇦 Panama 4.6M 2.09
106 🇸🇨 Seychelles 130K 2.08
107 🇲🇲 Myanmar 54.9M 2.08
108 🇻🇮 United States Virgin Islands 80K 2.07
109 🇻🇪 Venezuela 28.5M 2.06
110 🇬🇵 Guadeloupe 370K 2.05
111 🇧🇿 Belize 420K 2.01
112 🇨🇰 Cook Islands 10K 2.00
113 🇲🇶 Martinique 340K 1.97
114 🇳🇨 New Caledonia 300K 1.95
115 🇮🇳 India 1.46B 1.94
116 🇵🇪 Peru 34.6M 1.94
117 🇱🇰 Sri Lanka 23.2M 1.94
118 🇳🇵 Nepal 29.6M 1.94
119 🇬🇱 Greenland 60K 1.91
120 🇬🇮 Gibraltar 40K 1.88
121 🇻🇳 Vietnam 101.6M 1.88
122 🇵🇭 Philippines 116.8M 1.88
123 🇲🇽 Mexico 131.9M 1.87
124 🇵🇼 Palau 20K 1.86
125 🇹🇳 Tunisia 12.3M 1.80
126 🇲🇪 Montenegro 630K 1.80
127 🇪🇨 Ecuador 18.3M 1.79
128 🇬🇪 Georgia 3.8M 1.79
129 🇧🇭 Bahrain 1.6M 1.78
130 🇰🇵 Dem. People's Republic of Korea 26.6M 1.77
131 🇸🇻 El Salvador 6.4M 1.75
132 🇻🇨 St. Vincent & Grenadines 100K 1.75
133 🇧🇬 Bulgaria 6.7M 1.74
134 🇲🇩 Moldova 3.0M 1.72
135 🇦🇲 Armenia 3.0M 1.71
136 🇧🇳 Brunei 470K 1.71
137 🇷🇴 Romania 18.9M 1.71
138 🇧🇧 Barbados 280K 1.70
139 🇶🇦 Qatar 3.1M 1.70
140 🇫🇰 Falkland Islands 0.0K 1.69
141 🇮🇷 Iran 92.4M 1.67
142 🇦🇿 Azerbaijan 10.4M 1.66
143 🇳🇿 New Zealand 5.2M 1.65
144 🇸🇭 St. Helena 10K 1.64
145 🇦🇺 Australia 27.0M 1.64
146 🇫🇷 France 66.7M 1.64
147 🇺🇸 United States 347.3M 1.62
148 🇹🇷 Turkey 87.7M 1.62
149 🇨🇴 Colombia 53.4M 1.62
150 🇦🇼 Aruba 110K 1.61
151 🇧🇷 Brazil 212.8M 1.60
152 🇮🇪 Ireland 5.3M 1.60
153 🇸🇮 Slovenia 2.1M 1.58
154 🇦🇬 Antigua and Barbuda 90K 1.58
155 🇸🇰 Slovakia 5.5M 1.57
156 🇲🇻 Maldives 530K 1.55
157 🇱🇮 Liechtenstein 40K 1.54
158 🇬🇧 United Kingdom 69.5M 1.54
159 🇮🇲 Isle of Man 80K 1.53
160 🇲🇾 Malaysia 36.0M 1.53
161 🇽🇰 Kosovo 1.7M 1.53
162 🇹🇹 Trinidad and Tobago 1.5M 1.52
163 🇩🇰 Denmark 6.0M 1.52
164 🇵🇹 Portugal 10.4M 1.52
165 🇰🇾 Cayman Islands 80K 1.51
166 🇰🇳 St. Kitts & Nevis 50K 1.51
167 🇦🇷 Argentina 45.9M 1.50
168 🇷🇸 Serbia 6.7M 1.50
169 🇮🇸 Iceland 400K 1.50
170 🇧🇦 Bosnia and Herzegovina 3.1M 1.50
171 🇰🇼 Kuwait 5.0M 1.50
172 🇨🇻 Cape Verde 530K 1.50
173 🇭🇺 Hungary 9.6M 1.50
174 🇵🇫 French Polynesia 280K 1.48
175 🇭🇷 Croatia 3.9M 1.47
176 🇩🇲 Dominica 70K 1.47
177 🇲🇰 North Macedonia 1.8M 1.47
178 🇨🇿 Czechia 10.6M 1.47
179 🇷🇺 Russia 144.0M 1.46
180 🇬🇩 Grenada 120K 1.46
181 🇩🇪 Germany 84.1M 1.46
182 🇨🇺 Cuba 10.9M 1.45
183 🇧🇶 Bonaire 30K 1.45
184 🇲🇸 Montserrat 0.0K 1.45
185 🇨🇭 Switzerland 9.0M 1.44
186 🇹🇨 Turks and Caicos Islands 50K 1.44
187 🇳🇱 Netherlands 18.4M 1.44
188 🇸🇪 Sweden 10.7M 1.44
189 🇧🇹 Bhutan 800K 1.44
190 🇸🇽 Sint Maarten 40K 1.43
191 🇳🇴 Norway 5.6M 1.42
192 🇧🇲 Bermuda 60K 1.41
193 🇱🇺 Luxembourg 680K 1.40
194 🇼🇫 Wallis & Futuna 10K 1.40
195 🇧🇪 Belgium 11.8M 1.39
196 🇺🇾 Uruguay 3.4M 1.39
197 🇯🇪 Jersey 100K 1.38
198 🇱🇨 St. Lucia 180K 1.38
199 🇪🇪 Estonia 1.3M 1.37
200 🇬🇬 Guernsey 60K 1.37
201 🇨🇾 Cyprus 1.4M 1.37
202 🇧🇸 Bahamas 400K 1.36
203 🇦🇮 Anguilla 10K 1.35
204 🇱🇻 Latvia 1.9M 1.35
205 🇬🇷 Greece 9.9M 1.34
206 🇯🇲 Jamaica 2.8M 1.34
207 🇨🇦 Canada 40.1M 1.33
208 🇦🇱 Albania 2.8M 1.33
209 🇦🇹 Austria 9.1M 1.33
210 🇨🇷 Costa Rica 5.2M 1.31
211 🇵🇱 Poland 38.1M 1.31
212 🇫🇮 Finland 5.6M 1.30
213 🇵🇲 Saint Pierre and Miquelon 10K 1.28
214 🇪🇸 Spain 47.9M 1.23
215 🇯🇵 Japan 123.1M 1.23
216 🇧🇾 Belarus 9.0M 1.22
217 🇱🇹 Lithuania 2.8M 1.22
218 🇮🇹 Italy 59.1M 1.21
219 🇲🇺 Mauritius 1.3M 1.21
220 🇦🇪 United Arab Emirates 11.3M 1.21
221 🇹🇭 Thailand 71.6M 1.19
222 🇸🇲 San Marino 30K 1.16
223 🇨🇱 Chile 19.9M 1.13
224 🇲🇹 Malta 550K 1.11
225 🇦🇩 Andorra 80K 1.10
226 🇨🇼 Curacao 190K 1.07
227 🇻🇬 British Virgin Islands 40K 1.06
228 🇨🇳 China 1.42B 1.02
229 🇺🇦 Ukraine 39.0M 1.00
230 🇸🇬 Singapore 5.9M 0.96
231 🇵🇷 Puerto Rico 3.2M 0.94
232 🇹🇼 Taiwan 23.1M 0.86
233 🇧🇱 St. Barthélemy 10K 0.83
234 🇰🇷 South Korea 51.7M 0.75
235 🇭🇰 Hong Kong 7.4M 0.74
236 🇲🇴 Macao 720K 0.69

China’s Historic Decline

With a fertility rate of just 1.02, China is now among the lowest in the world.

This sharp decline is largely a legacy of the country’s one-child policy, which was in place from 1980 to 2015. Despite policy reversals and financial incentives, fertility has remained depressed. Notably, no country that has fallen to such low levels has successfully returned to replacement rates.

Africa Drives Future Growth

While most countries are experiencing declining birth rates, much of Sub-Saharan Africa remains on a very different trajectory.

Fertility rates above 4.0 are still common, supporting rapid population growth across the region.

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Mapped: Europe’s Birth Rate Collapse

2026-05-01 12:41:21

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Mapped: Europe’s Birth Rate Collapse

See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources.

Key Takeaways

  • No country in Europe meets the 2.1 birth rate needed to sustain population levels.
  • Ukraine (0.99), Spain (1.1), and Poland (1.14) rank among the lowest.
  • Even Europe’s highest rates, such as France (1.61), remain well below replacement.

Europe’s population is no longer replacing itself.

Across the continent, fertility rates have fallen below the 2.1 births per woman needed to maintain stable population levels, with no country meeting that threshold as of 2024.

This map shows the number of live births per woman across Europe using the most recent data from Eurostat, FRED, and the UK’s Office for National Statistics.

From Ukraine (0.99) to Spain (1.1), some of Europe’s largest countries now rank among those with the lowest birth rates, highlighting how widespread the decline has become.

Fertility Crisis in South and Eastern Europe

Europe’s lowest birth rates are concentrated in the east and south, where economic strain and geopolitical instability have accelerated long-term declines.

Ukraine has seen the sharpest drop. Its fertility rate, which last exceeded the replacement level in 1986, fell to 0.9 in 2022 before recovering slightly to 0.99 in 2024.

Among countries at peace, Malta has one of the lowest fertility rates at 1.01, followed by Spain (1.1) and Poland (1.14).

This data table lists European countries alongside their fertility rates as of 2024.

Rank Country Fertility Rate (2024)
1 🇲🇪 Montenegro 1.75
2 🇧🇬 Bulgaria 1.72
3 🇦🇱 Albania 1.64
4 🇷🇸 Serbia 1.64
5 🇫🇷 France 1.61
6 🇮🇸 Iceland 1.56
7 🇸🇮 Slovenia 1.52
8 🇩🇰 Denmark 1.47
9 🇮🇪 Ireland 1.47
10 🇭🇷 Croatia 1.46
11 🇸🇰 Slovakia 1.46
12 🇳🇴 Norway 1.45
13 🇧🇪 Belgium 1.44
14 🇲🇰 North Macedonia 1.44
15 🇳🇱 Netherlands 1.43
16 🇸🇪 Sweden 1.43
17 🇭🇺 Hungary 1.41
18 🇵🇹 Portugal 1.41
19 🇬🇧 UK 1.41
20 🇷🇴 Romania 1.39
21 🇨🇾 Cyprus 1.38
22 🇨🇿 Czechia 1.36
23 🇩🇪 Germany 1.36
24 🇦🇹 Austria 1.31
25 🇨🇭 Switzerland 1.29
26 🇱🇺 Luxembourg 1.25
27 🇫🇮 Finland 1.25
28 🇬🇷 Greece 1.24
29 🇱🇻 Latvia 1.24
30 🇪🇪 Estonia 1.18
31 🇮🇹 Italy 1.18
32 🇵🇱 Poland 1.14
33 🇱🇹 Lithuania 1.11
34 🇪🇸 Spain 1.10
35 🇲🇹 Malta 1.01
36 🇺🇦 Ukraine 0.99
-- Replacement Rate 2.1

Lower fertility in countries like Spain and Poland reflects a mix of economic pressures, including lower wages and the rising cost of raising children, alongside broader trends seen across developed economies.

Aging populations are already reshaping national priorities. As Poland seeks to build a larger military, its shrinking population presents a strategic vulnerability.

Europe’s Fertility Woes

This trend extends across the continent. Europe’s largest economies, including Germany (1.36), the UK (1.41), France (1.61), and Italy (1.18), all remain well below replacement levels.

Even countries with relatively higher fertility rates, such as Bulgaria (1.72) and Montenegro (1.75), are not producing enough births to stabilize their populations.

One response has been increased immigration. In Germany, migration policy in the mid-2010s was shaped partly by the need to support the country’s labor system. However, this approach has also fueled political backlash and the rise of anti-immigration parties.

Family Incentives As A Solution?

Some countries are attempting to boost birth rates through financial incentives. France, Hungary, and Poland have introduced tax credits, subsidies, and other programs aimed at encouraging larger families.

Hungary, for example, has spent over a decade expanding benefits for young couples, with the goal of reaching the 2.1 replacement rate by 2030.

So far, the results have been limited. Hungary’s fertility rate of 1.41 is similar to countries like the UK and Portugal, suggesting that financial incentives alone may not reverse the broader trend.

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To learn more about this topic, check out the Which European Nations Have the Best Fertility Treatment Policies? on Voronoi.

Ranked: Homeownership Rates by U.S. Occupation

2026-04-30 22:36:17

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Bar chart showing homeownership rates by occupation in 2024 in the U.S.

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Ranked: Homeownership Rates Across Major U.S. Occupations

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Key Takeaways

  • High-paying jobs don’t always translate into higher homeownership.
  • Several mid-income professions match or exceed ownership levels of top earners.
  • After a certain income level, homeownership rates converge across occupations.

Does earning more money actually make it easier to own a home?

Across U.S. occupations, the answer isn’t as straightforward as it seems. While high-income roles like management and STEM lead in pay, their homeownership rates are often matched by mid-income professions such as education and social services.

Using data from the National Association of Realtors and the U.S. Census Bureau, this graphic ranks homeownership rates by occupation in 2024, revealing how factors beyond salary—like job stability and geographic distribution—shape who owns a home.

A clear pattern emerges: once incomes pass a moderate threshold, homeownership rates begin to level out across very different occupations.

Which Jobs Have High Homeownership Rates?

Management and business roles stand at 72%, reflecting both higher incomes and stability. But just below them, a surprising group of professions clusters tightly together.

STEM professionals and education workers have nearly identical homeownership rates (both 67%)—despite a massive gap in pay. In fact, STEM workers earn over $100K on average, while education workers make roughly $65K.

Here’s how homeownership varies across major occupations:

Occupation Homeownership Rate 2024 Median Salary
Management & Business 72.2% $91,398
Education & Social Services 67.3% $65,147
STEM / Technical 67.2% $102,450
Sales & Real Estate 63.3% $50,967
Healthcare 62.2% $82,134
Skilled Trades & Construction 62.0% $54,777
Transportation & Public Safety 58.1% $46,975
Service Occupations 45.5% $38,936

Why do lower-paid professions keep pace? Occupations like education, healthcare, and public services often offer more stable employment, predictable income, and access to benefits—factors that can make long-term financial planning, including homeownership, more achievable.

Healthcare and skilled trades (both 62%) show relatively strong ownership, reinforcing the role of stable, in-demand work. Sales and real estate workers (63%) also sit in this middle band, reinforcing how a wide range of incomes converge at similar ownership levels.

At the lower end, transportation and public safety workers (58%) and service occupations (46%) lag behind, highlighting barriers faced by lower-income and less stable roles in accessing housing.

The biggest takeaway: beyond a certain income level, what you earn matters less than how stable and predictable that income is. That helps explain why professions with very different salaries end up with nearly identical homeownership rates.

Learn More on the Voronoi App

For more, explore this graphic on the average salaries by state in 2025.