2025-12-22 01:44:40
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U.S. population growth is slowing, and is projected to grind to a halt by 2048.
Today, historically low fertility means births only marginally exceed deaths. Not only that, within the next decade that balance is projected to flip, with deaths surpassing births by an increasing margin.
This graphic shows U.S. population growth projections through to 2055, based on analysis from the Congressional Budget Office.
In the table below, we show the rate of population growth in America since 2005 along with forecasts to mid-century:
| Year | Overall Population Growth | Births Minus Deaths | Net Immigration |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2005 | 1.1% | 0.5% | 0.6% |
| 2006 | 1.2% | 0.6% | 0.6% |
| 2007 | 0.9% | 0.6% | 0.3% |
| 2008 | 0.6% | 0.5% | 0.1% |
| 2009 | 0.8% | 0.5% | 0.3% |
| 2010 | 0.8% | 0.5% | 0.3% |
| 2011 | 0.8% | 0.5% | 0.3% |
| 2012 | 0.6% | 0.4% | 0.2% |
| 2013 | 0.7% | 0.4% | 0.3% |
| 2014 | 0.9% | 0.4% | 0.5% |
| 2015 | 0.9% | 0.4% | 0.5% |
| 2016 | 0.7% | 0.4% | 0.3% |
| 2017 | 0.7% | 0.3% | 0.4% |
| 2018 | 0.5% | 0.3% | 0.2% |
| 2019 | 0.4% | 0.3% | 0.1% |
| 2020 | 0.4% | 0.1% | 0.3% |
| 2021 | 0.5% | 0.0% | 0.5% |
| 2022 | 0.9% | 0.1% | 0.8% |
| 2023 | 1.2% | 0.2% | 1.0% |
| 2024 | 0.9% | 0.1% | 0.8% |
| 2025 | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.1% |
| 2026 | 0.3% | 0.1% | 0.2% |
| 2027 | 0.3% | 0.1% | 0.2% |
| 2028 | 0.3% | 0.1% | 0.2% |
| 2029 | 0.3% | 0.0% | 0.3% |
| 2030 | 0.3% | 0.0% | 0.3% |
| 2031 | 0.3% | 0.0% | 0.3% |
| 2032 | 0.3% | 0.0% | 0.3% |
| 2033 | 0.2% | 0.0% | 0.3% |
| 2034 | 0.2% | -0.1% | 0.3% |
| 2035 | 0.2% | -0.1% | 0.3% |
| 2036 | 0.2% | -0.1% | 0.3% |
| 2037 | 0.2% | -0.1% | 0.3% |
| 2038 | 0.2% | -0.1% | 0.3% |
| 2039 | 0.2% | -0.1% | 0.3% |
| 2040 | 0.1% | -0.2% | 0.3% |
| 2041 | 0.1% | -0.2% | 0.3% |
| 2042 | 0.1% | -0.2% | 0.3% |
| 2043 | 0.1% | -0.2% | 0.3% |
| 2044 | 0.1% | -0.2% | 0.3% |
| 2045 | 0.1% | -0.2% | 0.3% |
| 2046 | 0.1% | -0.2% | 0.3% |
| 2047 | 0.1% | -0.3% | 0.3% |
| 2048 | 0.0% | -0.3% | 0.3% |
| 2049 | 0.0% | -0.3% | 0.3% |
| 2050 | 0.0% | -0.3% | 0.3% |
| 2051 | 0.0% | -0.3% | 0.3% |
| 2052 | 0.0% | -0.3% | 0.3% |
| 2053 | 0.0% | -0.3% | 0.3% |
| 2054 | 0.0% | -0.3% | 0.3% |
| 2055 | 0.0% | -0.3% | 0.3% |
In 2024, there were 3.6 million births in America, falling from 4.1 million in 2005.
Overall, population growth from births exceeding deaths was just 0.1% last year, while in 2005 it stood at 0.5%. At the same time, fertility rates sank from 2.6 births per woman to 1.6 in 2024.
With natural increase fading, net immigration has become a far more important driver of population growth in recent years. Without it, the U.S. population would begin contracting as early as 2033.
Moreover, average population growth is projected to fall from 0.9% annually between 1974 and 2024 to less than one-fifth of that pace through 2055. Over the same period, net immigration is forecast to average 1.1 million people per year, up from 920,000 annually between 2010 and 2019.
To learn more about this topic, check out this graphic on America’s fastest-growing states.
2025-12-21 23:28:55
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Coffee is a daily ritual for millions of people around the world. Yet the price of a simple cappuccino can vary dramatically depending on where you order it. Local wages, rents, taxes, and currency strength all shape what consumers ultimately pay for their caffeine fix.
This visualization ranks the most expensive cappuccinos among the 69 major cities covered in Deutsche Bank’s Mapping the World’s Prices 2025 report. It covers cappuccino prices in 2025, expressed in U.S. dollars for comparability.
Zurich and Copenhagen share the top spot, with an average cappuccino price of $6.77. Switzerland’s high wages and cost of living, combined with a strong currency, push everyday purchases higher.
Geneva also ranks among the most expensive cities at $5.86, reinforcing Switzerland’s position as one of the costliest places in the world for daily consumption.
| Rank | City | Economy | Cappuccino Price (USD) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Zurich |
 Switzerland |
$6.77 |
| 2 | Copenhagen |
 Denmark |
$6.77 |
| 3 | New York |
 United States |
$5.95 |
| 4 | San Francisco |
United States |
$5.90 |
| 5 | Geneva |
Switzerland |
$5.86 |
| 6 | Abu Dhabi |
 United Arab Emirates |
$5.84 |
| 7 | Los Angeles |
United States |
$5.78 |
| 8 | Chicago |
United States |
$5.67 |
| 9 | Boston |
United States |
$5.62 |
| 10 | Dubai |
United Arab Emirates |
$5.53 |
| 11 | Edinburgh |
 United Kingdom |
$5.28 |
| 12 | London |
United Kingdom |
$5.19 |
| 13 | Helsinki |
 Finland |
$5.13 |
| 14 | Stockholm |
 Sweden |
$5.10 |
| 15 | Hong Kong |
 Hong Kong |
$5.09 |
| 16 | Doha |
 Qatar |
$5.08 |
| 17 | Vienna |
 Austria |
$4.96 |
| 18 | Singapore |
 Singapore |
$4.96 |
| 19 | Oslo |
 Norway |
$4.90 |
| 20 | Amsterdam |
 Netherlands |
$4.79 |
Several U.S. cities appear prominently in the rankings. New York ($5.95) and San Francisco ($5.90) lead the pack, followed closely by Los Angeles, Chicago, and Boston.
Despite differences in geography and culture, cappuccino prices across these U.S. cities fall within a relatively narrow range, suggesting similar cost structures in large urban markets.
European cities show a wider spread. While London ($5.19), Stockholm ($5.10), and Helsinki ($5.13) rank among the pricier options, Vienna and Amsterdam sit below $5.00.
Notably, Italy stands apart. Even the most expensive cappuccino in Italy—found in Milan—costs just $2.15, while in Rome the average price is only $1.79.
If you enjoyed today’s post, check out Which Countries Drink the Most Wine? on Voronoi, the new app from Visual Capitalist.
2025-12-21 21:07:22
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A white Christmas is one of those holiday experiences that feels universal—until you look at the weather history and actual odds of snowfall on Christmas Day across the United States.
This map shows the historic probability across the U.S. of seeing at least one inch of snow on the ground on December 25, using data from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) is based on the latest U.S. Climate Normals (1991–2020).
These “normals” are three-decade averages built from observations at nearly 15,000 stations, offering a consistent baseline for what’s typical in different parts of the country.
If you want the simplest rule of thumb for a white Christmas, head north. The northern Plains, Upper Midwest, and large stretches of the interior Northeast generally sit in higher probability bands than the rest of the country.
The data table below features state averages of NOAA’s full 5,000+ row dataset of specific station probabilities of at least one inch of snow:
| State | Average probability of at least one inch of snow on Christmas day |
|---|---|
| Alabama | 0.1% |
| Alaska | 84.3% |
| Arizona | 4.1% |
| Arkansas | 1.3% |
| California | 4.4% |
| Colorado | 48.7% |
| Connecticut | 35.2% |
| Delaware | 6.5% |
| Florida | 0.0% |
| Georgia | 0.4% |
| Hawaii | 0.0% |
| Idaho | 62.1% |
| Illinois | 27.2% |
| Indiana | 26.0% |
| Iowa | 46.9% |
| Kansas | 15.0% |
| Kentucky | 6.6% |
| Louisiana | 0.1% |
| Maine | 74.4% |
| Maryland | 11.2% |
| Massachusetts | 35.8% |
| Michigan | 64.8% |
| Minnesota | 75.2% |
| Mississippi | 0.2% |
| Missouri | 13.7% |
| Montana | 56.7% |
| Nebraska | 35.1% |
| Nevada | 17.8% |
| New Hampshire | 70.1% |
| New Jersey | 13.7% |
| New Mexico | 11.3% |
| New York | 55.9% |
| North Carolina | 3.1% |
| North Dakota | 77.3% |
| Ohio | 26.8% |
| Oklahoma | 3.1% |
| Oregon | 14.4% |
| Pennsylvania | 34.2% |
| Rhode Island | 26.9% |
| South Carolina | 0.6% |
| South Dakota | 55.5% |
| Tennessee | 2.8% |
| Texas | 0.8% |
| Utah | 46.2% |
| Vermont | 76.9% |
| Virginia | 8.6% |
| Washington | 26.9% |
| West Virginia | 26.8% |
| Wisconsin | 66.3% |
| Wyoming | 56.0% |
Areas around the Great Lakes can also improve their odds thanks to lake-effect snow, which can build persistent snowpack when cold air is in place.
Meanwhile, the further south you go, the more quickly the map shifts into darker shades—signaling that a white Christmas is historically uncommon.
Elevation can change the forecast more than any state line. The Rockies and the Sierra Nevada stand out as some of the most reliable places for holiday snow cover, with many high-altitude areas reaching the upper probabilities of Christmas Day snowfall.
The Cascades and ranges across Idaho also show strong odds, reinforcing how quickly temperatures drop with height.
Even in the East, the Appalachians make a visible difference—higher terrain can hold onto snow that the surrounding lowlands doesn’t.
Across the Gulf Coast, Deep South, and much of the Sun Belt, the map largely sits in the 0–10% range. Warmer winter temperatures mean snow is rarer to begin with—and even when it does fall, it’s less likely to stick around long enough to still be on the ground by Christmas morning.
Coastal climates often tilt milder as well, especially where ocean air moderates winter cold.
And for non-contiguous states, the story is mixed: Alaska’s station network is too sparse to confidently fill in the entire map, while Hawaii’s odds remain firmly at zero.
In other words, the classic “white Christmas” is real—but it’s also highly regional. If snow is the goal, history suggests two reliable strategies: chase colder latitudes, or climb into the mountains.
For more Christmas-related visualizations, check out this graphic which ranks Spotify’s most streamed Christmas songs on Voronoi.
2025-12-21 03:52:46
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Each December, millions of Americans venture out to find the perfect Christmas tree, and for a large portion of them, nothing beats a real evergreen. Despite rising demand for artificial trees, the real Christmas tree market in the U.S. remains vibrant, with 21.6 million trees sold in 2023 alone, according to data compiled by USDA’s Ag Census and industry groups.
This visualization by Made Visual Daily breaks down the U.S. market by tree breed and regional production, using datasourced from the USDA and the National Christmas Tree Association.
The Fraser Fir leads all other varieties, accounting for 35% of the market thanks to its excellent needle retention and sturdy branches—ideal for holding ornaments. The Douglas Fir and Noble Fir follow with 27% and 17% market share respectively.
| State | Share of U.S. Christmas Tree Production |
|---|---|
| Oregon | 31.9% |
| North Carolina | 21.3% |
| Michigan | 11.9% |
| Washington | 6.2% |
| Pennsylvania | 4.8% |
| Other States | 23.9% |
On the production side, Oregon supplies nearly a third of all U.S. trees, followed by North Carolina, Michigan, and Washington.
While over 21 million real trees were sold in 2023, that’s down significantly from past decades. In the 1990s, Americans were buying upwards of 35 million real trees annually. Today, many households are opting for reusable artificial trees due to convenience, cost, or concerns over sustainability.
Despite the slow decline, there are an estimated 350 million Christmas trees currently growing on U.S. farms.
Even with robust domestic production, the U.S. often turns to Canada to make up for supply gaps—especially in years when droughts or wildfires affect yields in Oregon or North Carolina. Canadian tree farms, particularly in Quebec and Nova Scotia, are key players in the North American market.
While prices have risen slightly due to inflation and logistical challenges, supply has remained stable. Tree shortages feared during the pandemic have largely abated, though growers continue to manage tighter inventories to avoid oversupply.
Christmas trees are just one part of a complex global supply chain behind the holidays. From lights to ornaments, much of what decorates American homes is produced overseas. For more on this, see our article: Where Do Your Christmas Decorations Come From?
2025-12-21 02:18:32
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In 2025, 74% of the world’s population, or about 6 billion people, is online, up from 71% (5.8 billion) a year earlier.
While internet use continues to grow, more than a quarter of the global population remains offline. Access also varies sharply by income level, with 94% of people in high-income countries using the internet compared with just 23% in low-income countries.
This visualization ranks the top 20 countries by total number of internet users, highlighting how sheer population scale often outweighs connectivity rates. The data for this visualization comes from Datareportal.
China ranks first with roughly 1.30 billion internet users, representing more than 90% of its population. India follows with just over 1.03 billion users, despite a much lower internet penetration rate of 70%.
Together, these two countries account for more internet users than the rest of the top 20 combined.
| Rank | Country | Internet users |
|---|---|---|
| 1 |
 China |
1,296,394,000 |
| 2 |
 India |
1,026,954,000 |
| 3 |
U.S. |
323,888,000 |
| 4 |
 Indonesia |
230,448,000 |
| 5 |
 Brazil |
184,997,000 |
| 6 |
 Russian federation |
135,676,000 |
| 7 |
 Pakistan |
116,839,000 |
| 8 |
 Mexico |
110,345,000 |
| 9 |
 Nigeria |
108,700,000 |
| 10 |
 Japan |
106,933,000 |
| 11 |
 Egypt |
98,211,000 |
| 12 |
 Philippines |
98,025,000 |
| 13 |
 Vietnam |
85,621,000 |
| 14 |
 Bangladesh |
82,806,000 |
| 15 |
 Germany |
78,454,000 |
| 16 |
 Turkey |
77,466,000 |
| 17 |
 Iran |
73,751,000 |
| 18 |
United kingdom |
68,090,000 |
| 19 |
 Thailand |
67,826,000 |
| 20 |
 France |
63,449,000 |
Beyond the top two, the rankings show how large emerging markets, including Indonesia, Brazil, Pakistan, and Nigeria, now rival or surpass many advanced economies in total internet users, underscoring a continued shift in the center of global online activity toward the Global South.
Despite rapid global growth, Africa remains underrepresented among the world’s largest online populations. Nigeria is the only African country in the top 10, and just two African nations appear in the top 20, reflecting lower internet penetration rates and persistent gaps in infrastructure, affordability, and access across much of the continent.
If you enjoyed today’s post, check out The World’s Data Centers on Voronoi, the new app from Visual Capitalist.
2025-12-20 23:22:03
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The world’s great migrations are among nature’s most astonishing phenomena. Every year, millions of animals embark on journeys that span oceans, continents, and even hemispheres.
This visualization maps some of the longest known migration routes on Earth. From the Arctic Tern’s pole-to-pole flight to the epic oceanic travels of whales and turtles, these journeys connect ecosystems across the globe and shape entire food webs.
The data for this visualization comes from multiple sources, including Current Biology, NOAA, and National Geographic.
The Arctic Tern is the undisputed migration champion. Traveling between 31,000 and 59,000 miles (50,000–96,000 km) each year, the Arctic Tern experiences two summers. Scientists have tracked these terns following continuous daylight, timing their flights to chase the sun’s warmth and maximize feeding opportunities. Over its lifetime (up to 34 years), an Arctic Tern can fly the equivalent of three round trips to the Moon.
| Animal | Return Trip (km) | Distance (miles) | Example of Route |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arctic tern | 50,000 | 31,070 | Arctic breeding grounds → Antarctic pack-ice zone and back |
| Bar-tailed godwit | 30,000 | 18,640 | Pacific circuit: Alaska → New Zealand → China → Alaska |
| Northern wheatear | 30,000 | 18,640 | Alaska → East Africa |
| Gray whale | 20,000 | 12,430 | Sakhalin (Russia) → Mexico |
| Humpback whale | 20,000 | 12,430 | Samoa → Antarctic waters |
| Leatherback turtle | 20,000 | 12,430 | Pacific or Atlantic transoceanic routes (e.g., W. Pacific → California Current) |
| Bluefin tuna | 20,000 | 12,430 | Mediterranean spawning areas → North American feeding grounds |
| Globe skimmer dragonfly | 15,000 | 9,320 | India  East Africa across the Indian Ocean (Multigenerational) |
| Monarch butterfly | 9,000 | 5,590 | Eastern North America → Mexico and back (Multigenerational) |
| Caribou | 1,000 | 620 | Annual forest tundra migration |
| Zebra | 500 | 310 | Botswana river valley → Namibia grazing areas |
Marine mammals such as Gray and Humpback Whales migrate thousands of miles between icy feeding grounds and tropical breeding lagoons.
Gray Whales travel up to 12,000 miles (20,000 km) annually between the Bering Sea and Baja California, while some Humpback populations cover comparable round-trip distances between tropical breeding grounds and Antarctic feeding areas. Their migrations are finely tuned to ocean productivity and temperature, making them key indicators of marine ecosystem health.
Beyond the terns, species like the Bar-tailed Godwit and Northern Wheatear make record-breaking non-stop flights, crossing entire oceans without stopping to feed.
Many bird species achieve extraordinary nonstop ocean crossings by accumulating substantial fat reserves for fuel and employing energy-efficient flight techniques like dynamic soaring.
In addition, other physiological adaptations—such as the ability to temporarily reduce the size of internal organs to lighten their load—help enable these long-distance journeys. Some bird species have also been observed entering brief periods of reduced brain activity while in flight, though the role this plays in nonstop migration is still being studied.
Even smaller creatures like the Globe Skimmer Dragonfly traverse up to 11,000 miles between India and Africa.
On land, animals like Caribou and Wildebeest follow ancient migration paths dictated by seasonal changes.
Some caribou herds can migrate over 1,000–2,500 miles (1,600–4,000 km) annually, among the longest terrestrial migrations on Earth, while the Serengeti’s Wildebeest migration—a circular movement of almost a thousand miles—is among the most visually dramatic wildlife events on Earth.
Similarly, Zebras migrate roughly 310 miles each year, traveling from Botswana’s river valleys to grazing areas across the border in Namibia.
If you enjoyed today’s post, check out Ranked: Countries With the Largest Forests in 2025 on Voronoi, the new app from Visual Capitalist.
