2026-04-27 14:44:22
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Europe’s economy is projected to reach $32.3 trillion in nominal GDP in 2026, but a large share of that output is concentrated in just a handful of countries.
This graphic breaks down each European country by its projected 2026 nominal GDP, using data from the April 2026 update of the International Monetary Fund’s World Economic Outlook.
Germany is the continent’s largest economy, followed by the UK and France, while Italy, Russia, and Spain complete the group of Europe’s six biggest economies.
Europe’s economic core remains firmly in the west, where Germany, the UK, and France together generate over $13 trillion in output.
| Rank | Country | 2026 Nominal GDP (billions $) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 |
 Germany |
5,453 |
| 2 |
 United Kingdom |
4,265 |
| 3 |
 France |
3,596 |
| 4 |
 Italy |
2,738 |
| 5 |
 Russia |
2,656 |
| 6 |
 Spain |
2,091 |
| 7 |
 Netherlands |
1,450 |
| 8 |
 Switzerland |
1,147 |
| 9 |
 Poland |
1,134 |
| 10 |
 Ireland |
779 |
| 11 |
 Belgium |
777 |
| 12 |
 Sweden |
760 |
| 13 |
 Austria |
624 |
| 14 |
 Norway |
599 |
| 15 |
 Denmark |
504 |
| 16 |
 Romania |
481 |
| 17 |
 Czechia |
433 |
| 18 |
 Portugal |
381 |
| 19 |
 Finland |
338 |
| 20 |
 Greece |
308 |
| 21 |
 Hungary |
271 |
| 22 |
 Ukraine |
225 |
| 23 |
 Slovakia |
169 |
| 24 |
 Bulgaria |
148 |
| 25 |
 Croatia |
117 |
| 26 |
 Serbia |
112 |
| 27 |
 Luxembourg |
110 |
| 28 |
 Lithuania |
106 |
| 29 |
 Belarus |
102 |
| 30 |
 Slovenia |
87 |
| 31 |
 Latvia |
54 |
| 32 |
 Estonia |
52 |
| 33 |
 Cyprus |
45 |
| 34 |
 Iceland |
44 |
| 35 |
 Bosnia & Herzegovina |
37 |
| 36 |
 Albania |
33 |
| 37 |
 Malta |
31 |
| 38 |
 Moldova |
22 |
| 39 |
 North Macedonia |
22 |
| 40 |
 Kosovo |
14 |
| 41 |
 Montenegro |
10 |
| -- | All of Europe | 32,323 |
France, Germany, and the UK built their economic strength through early industrialization and decades of diversification across manufacturing, finance, and services.
The UK’s economic transformation then spread to neighboring Western European countries, which became industrial heavyweights of their own. The three Benelux countries of Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands, for example, have a combined GDP of over $2.2 trillion.
In contrast to the role played by industry in Britain and Germany, or agriculture in France, energy is a major driver of Russia’s large economy ($2.7 trillion).
Russia is a major energy producer, with hydrocarbons like oil and natural gas making up over half of the country’s exports. Despite not being part of OPEC, which helps regulate oil prices, Moscow is often an active participant in discussions shaping oil markets.
The second-largest economy in Northern Europe is also a major oil and gas player. Despite having a population of around 5 million people, Norway’s economy is just shy of $600 billion, supported by its impressive energy reserves.
While northwestern Europe still dominates overall output, growth momentum is shifting south, where economies like Spain and Portugal are expanding faster than their larger peers.
Today, Southern Europe hosts dynamic economies like Spain ($2.1 trillion) and Portugal ($381 billion), which are projected to grow by roughly 2% each in 2026, more than double the rates of peers like France and Germany.
This shift has been supported by the post-COVID recovery in tourism, greater energy self-sufficiency, and higher public investment.
If you enjoyed today’s post, check out Since 1960, Singapore has risen from 3x poorer than Western Europe to twice as rich on Voronoi.Use This Visualization
2026-04-27 11:58:24
Artificial intelligence is no longer just a story about models. It is also a story about infrastructure, chips, enterprise adoption, and the growing role AI is playing in how businesses operate and how content gets created.
For AI Week, we partnered with Terzo to explore the infrastructure, markets, and adoption patterns shaping the AI economy.
From hyperscaler spending to business usage and the rise of AI-generated content, the series revealed how quickly AI is reshaping business and technology. Below, we’ve compiled six key takeaways.
Geography still shapes technology adoption, and this map shows where businesses are using AI the most across America and how that usage varies from state to state.
Behind every leading AI model is a massive amount of computing power, and this graphic compares the companies supplying that capacity with a financial lens.
From cloud giants to data center buildouts, this graphic tracks how AI-driven capital spending has evolved across the biggest tech companies and why that surge matters for the future of infrastructure.
Using business payment data over time, this chart shows how the enterprise AI market is evolving and which model providers are gaining traction with paying customers.
Measured against a well-known IQ-style benchmark, this ranking offers a snapshot of how leading AI models stack up on abstract reasoning tasks at this stage of the race.
Online publishing is changing quickly, and this graphic shows how the balance between human- and AI-written articles has shifted over time in a large sample of web content.
Taken together, these visuals point to a larger trend: AI is no longer confined to research labs or product demos. It is now influencing how companies spend, how hardware markets are valued, how enterprises choose tools, and how digital content is produced.
Terzo is helping spotlight the data behind this shift through AI Week, our sponsored series on the infrastructure, markets, and adoption patterns shaping the next phase of artificial intelligence.
2026-04-27 06:54:00
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Coal consumption is more concentrated than any other major fuel globally.
This chart ranks the world’s largest coal consumers using data from the Statistical Review of World Energy 2025, highlighting how demand is distributed across major economies.
China consumes 4,780 million tonnes of coal annually, over half the global total, reflecting its role as the world’s largest industrial producer and its continued reliance on coal for electricity generation despite rapid growth in renewables.
Below we list the biggest coal consumers based on 2024 data:
| Rank | Country | Millions of tonnes of coal (2024) | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
 China |
4,780.0 | 51.7% |
| 2 |
 India |
1,085.1 | 11.7% |
| 3 |
 Indonesia |
836.1 | 9.0% |
| 4 |
 U.S. |
464.6 | 5.0% |
| 5 |
 Australia |
462.9 | 5.0% |
| 6 |
Russia |
427.2 | 4.6% |
| 7 |
 South Africa |
235.0 | 2.5% |
| 8 |
Germany |
91.9 | 1.0% |
| 9 |
 Türkiye |
87.0 | 0.9% |
| 10 |
Poland |
85.2 | 0.9% |
| 11 |
 Colombia |
52.7 | 0.6% |
| 12 |
 Vietnam |
43.8 | 0.5% |
| 13 |
 Canada |
42.6 | 0.5% |
| -- |
 Other |
547.4 | 5.9% |
| -- |
 World |
9,241.5 | 100.0% |
Together, the top six countries account for 87% of global coal consumption, underscoring how demand is concentrated in a small number of large economies.
Beyond China, coal consumption is heavily concentrated in the Asia-Pacific region. India (11.7%), Indonesia (9.0%), and Australia (5.0%) are other major Asia-Pacific consumers, while the U.S. also sits at 5.0% of demand.
As countries transition toward cleaner energy, coal demand is expected to diverge. While usage is declining in many advanced economies, it remains resilient in fast-growing regions where energy demand continues to rise.
The following table shows where coal use is still growing between 2023 and 2024:
| Rank | Country | Coal Use (2023) | Coal Use (2024) | Growth (YoY) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
Türkiye |
74.2 | 87.0 | 16.9% |
| 2 |
 Pakistan |
17.4 | 19.1 | 9.5% |
| 3 |
Indonesia |
775.2 | 836.1 | 7.6% |
| 4 |
India |
1011.3 | 1085.1 | 7.0% |
| 5 |
China |
4723.3 | 4780.0 | 0.9% |
While coal use is declining across much of the West, it continues to grow in several emerging economies—highlighting the uneven pace of the global energy transition.
See the biggest sources of energy around the world in every country in this global map.Use This Visualization
2026-04-26 21:49:52
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How much of your income goes to basic living costs?
This chart ranks major U.S. cities by the share of income spent on food and housing for a single adult in 2025, based on data from the Urban Stress Index, along with market rents and Numbeo food prices.
In the most expensive cities, the burden is steep. San Diego tops the list at 47%, meaning nearly half of income goes toward just these two categories. By contrast, in San Jose, that share drops to 18.3%—showing how higher wages can offset even the highest costs.
San Diego (47%) and Miami (45.4%) stand out as the most strained cities, where food and housing alone consume nearly half of income. In both metros, rent growth continues to outpace wage gains, while strong population inflows in Miami are keeping housing demand elevated.
The pressure isn’t limited to coastal hubs. In Florida, Orlando and Tampa both exceed 34% of income, highlighting how affordability challenges have spread to fast-growing Sun Belt cities once seen as lower-cost alternatives.
This table shows the share of income spent on food and housing for a single adult in each city, based on market-rate one-bedroom rents and Numbeo food price indices.
| Rank | City | Share of Income Spent on Food and Housing |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | San Diego, CA | 47.0% |
| 2 | Miami, FL | 45.4% |
| 3 | Boston, MA | 38.3% |
| 4 | Los Angeles, CA | 38.1% |
| 5 | Orlando, FL | 37.7% |
| 6 | Boise, ID | 36.1% |
| 7 | Tampa, FL | 34.4% |
| 8 | Atlanta, GA | 34.3% |
| 9 | New York, NY | 34.1% |
| 10 | Washington, DC | 33.7% |
| 11 | Chicago, IL | 33.5% |
| 12 | Madison, WI | 32.2% |
| 13 | Kansas City, MO | 31.6% |
| 14 | Portland, OR | 30.6% |
| 15 | Nashville, TN | 30.6% |
| 16 | Charlotte, NC | 30.5% |
| 17 | Pittsburgh, PA | 29.6% |
| 18 | Boulder, CO | 29.0% |
| 19 | Phoenix, AZ | 28.6% |
| 20 | Salt Lake City, UT | 28.2% |
| 21 | Raleigh, NC | 28.1% |
| 22 | Denver, CO | 28.0% |
| 23 | Minneapolis, MN | 27.5% |
| 24 | Dallas, TX | 27.5% |
| 25 | San Antonio, TX | 27.5% |
| 26 | Columbus, OH | 27.5% |
| 27 | Cleveland, OH | 27.2% |
| 28 | Seattle, WA | 26.6% |
| 29 | Austin, TX | 26.2% |
| 30 | Houston, TX | 25.5% |
| 31 | San Francisco, CA | 23.0% |
| 32 | Detroit, MI | 23.0% |
| 33 | San Jose, CA | 18.3% |
| -- | Dataset Average | 30.9% |
Boston and Los Angeles remain firmly in the “stretched” category, where over a third of income goes to basics. Notably, cost burdens in these metros exceed those in New York City, despite the Big Apple having the second-highest rental costs in the country.
At the other end of the spectrum, San Jose flips the equation. Despite some of the highest prices in the country, residents spend just 18.3% of income on food and housing, less than half the burden seen in San Diego.
Beyond the tech hub, other relatively affordable cities include:
San Francisco’s presence here is especially notable. While prices are among the highest in the U.S., incomes are also elevated enough to reduce relative strain. Additionally, rent prices have increased just 2% since 2021, among the slowest rates across major U.S. cities.
Ultimately, affordability isn’t just about how much things cost; it’s about how much income those costs consume. And in a growing number of U.S. cities, that share is rising faster than many workers’ paychecks.
To learn more about this topic, check out this graphic on the average annual cost of living by state.
2026-04-26 19:45:55
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Gas prices only tell part of the story.
Across the U.S., drivers can pay more than twice as much annually for fuel, even in states where gas is relatively cheap. The difference comes down to how much people drive.
Using data from AAA and the Federal Highway Administration via FinanceBuzz, this map estimates annual gasoline costs by state based on April 15, 2026 prices, average miles driven, and a fuel efficiency of 25.6 miles per gallon.
The result is a clear divide: states with longer driving distances, often rural, face the highest total costs, while shorter commutes in the Northeast keep annual spending far lower.
Wyoming tops the list at $3,343 per year, over $1,000 above the national average, not because of high gas prices but because of how much people drive.
Drivers in the state log nearly 22,000 miles annually, about 50% more than the U.S. average, pushing total fuel costs higher despite below-average prices at the pump.
Other rural states, like Indiana ($2,928) and Mississippi ($2,912), also rank among the highest due to longer driving distances, even with gas prices below the U.S. average of $4.07 per gallon.
The table below breaks down estimated annual gas costs by state, combining April 15, 2026 fuel prices, average miles driven, and a fuel efficiency of 25.6 miles per gallon.
| Rank | State | Annual Fuel Cost | Price of Gas per Gallon April 15 |
Annual Miles per Driver |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Wyoming | $3,343 | $3.89 | 21,986 |
| 2 | Indiana | $2,928 | $3.88 | 19,296 |
| 3 | Mississippi | $2,912 | $3.74 | 19,910 |
| 4 | New Mexico | $2,833 | $3.96 | 18,321 |
| 5 | Missouri | $2,733 | $3.67 | 19,049 |
| 6 | California | $2,705 | $5.88 | 11,780 |
| 7 | Alabama | $2,657 | $3.84 | 17,728 |
| 8 | Utah | $2,587 | $4.21 | 15,725 |
| 9 | Kentucky | $2,541 | $3.98 | 16,330 |
| 10 | Tennessee | $2,497 | $3.86 | 16,558 |
| 11 | Idaho | $2,483 | $4.34 | 14,643 |
| 12 | North Dakota | $2,480 | $3.62 | 17,560 |
| 13 | Nevada | $2,465 | $4.96 | 12,716 |
| 14 | Arkansas | $2,463 | $3.65 | 17,287 |
| 15 | Arizona | $2,458 | $4.66 | 13,501 |
| 16 | Hawaii | $2,454 | $5.65 | 11,115 |
| 17 | Oklahoma | $2,426 | $3.44 | 18,031 |
| 18 | Georgia | $2,411 | $3.68 | 16,763 |
| 19 | Louisiana | $2,409 | $3.75 | 16,452 |
| 20 | Montana | $2,406 | $3.90 | 15,775 |
| 21 | Vermont | $2,404 | $4.09 | 15,048 |
| 22 | Texas | $2,373 | $3.77 | 16,125 |
| 23 | Oregon | $2,345 | $5.00 | 12,016 |
| 24 | Virginia | $2,309 | $3.97 | 14,877 |
| 25 | Wisconsin | $2,299 | $3.78 | 15,580 |
| 26 | Florida | $2,296 | $4.15 | 14,179 |
| 27 | North Carolina | $2,292 | $3.86 | 15,198 |
| 28 | South Carolina | $2,232 | $3.79 | 15,075 |
| 29 | Maine | $2,230 | $4.02 | 14,185 |
| 30 | South Dakota | $2,220 | $3.68 | 15,424 |
| 31 | Kansas | $2,184 | $3.51 | 15,941 |
| 32 | West Virginia | $2,164 | $3.93 | 14,091 |
| 33 | Nebraska | $2,148 | $3.63 | 15,157 |
| 34 | Washington | $2,132 | $5.39 | 10,125 |
| 35 | Maryland | $2,120 | $4.10 | 13,228 |
| 36 | Illinois | $2,072 | $4.36 | 12,154 |
| 37 | Minnesota | $2,066 | $3.71 | 14,272 |
| 38 | Alaska | $2,026 | $4.64 | 11,173 |
| 39 | Iowa | $2,005 | $3.65 | 14,077 |
| 40 | Ohio | $1,981 | $3.80 | 13,345 |
| 41 | Michigan | $1,976 | $3.92 | 12,906 |
| 42 | New Hampshire | $1,934 | $3.96 | 12,511 |
| 43 | Massachusetts | $1,932 | $3.97 | 12,472 |
| 44 | Colorado | $1,921 | $3.96 | 12,426 |
| 45 | Connecticut | $1,908 | $4.08 | 11,974 |
| 46 | Pennsylvania | $1,807 | $4.13 | 11,189 |
| 47 | New Jersey | $1,804 | $4.00 | 11,536 |
| 48 | Delaware | $1,684 | $3.97 | 10,854 |
| 49 | Rhode Island | $1,616 | $3.97 | 10,411 |
| 50 | New York | $1,582 | $4.13 | 9,815 |
| -- |
U.S. State Average |
$2,285 | $4.07 | 14,558 |
California ranks sixth at $2,705 per year. Despite having the highest gas prices in the country, shorter driving distances, about 11,780 miles annually versus the 13,916 national average, keep total costs lower than in many cheaper states.
The same pattern plays out in reverse in the Northeast.
In New York, drivers spend just $1,582 per year, about $700 below the national average, largely because they drive the fewest miles (9,185 annually). States like Rhode Island, Delaware, and New Jersey follow a similar pattern, where shorter commutes keep total fuel costs low even when gas prices are relatively high.
Ultimately, the states with the highest gas prices aren’t always the most expensive places to drive. Instead, longer commutes in rural America push total costs higher, changing how fuel affordability is actually experienced.
To learn more about this topic, check out this graphic on the top countries by oil reserves.
2026-04-25 23:12:12
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AI-written articles have gone from a small share of the web to a majority of sampled articles in just five years.
This visualization is part of Visual Capitalist’s AI Week, sponsored by Terzo. It visualizes monthly data from Graphite, which studied 65,000 English-language URLs from Common Crawl and tracked how the share of AI-generated articles changed between January 2020 and May 2025.
In January of 2020, 97.8% of written content analyzed by Graphite was written by humans, with just 2.2% written by AI. One year after ChatGPT’s launch, in November 2023, AI-written content had risen to make up 39%.
The data table below shows the estimated share of sampled published web articles classified as human-written versus AI-generated over time from January 2020 to May 2025:
| Month | Human Content | AI Content |
|---|---|---|
| January 2020 | 97.8% | 2.2% |
| February 2020 | 97.7% | 2.3% |
| March 2020 | 98.0% | 2.0% |
| April 2020 | 97.4% | 2.6% |
| May 2020 | 97.9% | 2.1% |
| June 2020 | 98.1% | 2.0% |
| July 2020 | 97.7% | 2.3% |
| August 2020 | 97.6% | 2.4% |
| September 2020 | 96.8% | 3.2% |
| October 2020 | 96.9% | 3.1% |
| November 2020 | 97.0% | 3.0% |
| December 2020 | 97.3% | 2.7% |
| January 2021 | 98.0% | 2.0% |
| February 2021 | 97.0% | 3.0% |
| March 2021 | 97.1% | 2.9% |
| April 2021 | 96.7% | 3.4% |
| May 2021 | 97.2% | 2.8% |
| June 2021 | 96.1% | 4.0% |
| July 2021 | 97.0% | 3.0% |
| August 2021 | 95.7% | 4.3% |
| September 2021 | 98.4% | 1.6% |
| October 2021 | 95.2% | 4.8% |
| November 2021 | 98.6% | 1.4% |
| December 2021 | 96.4% | 3.6% |
| January 2022 | 95.0% | 5.0% |
| February 2022 | 93.4% | 6.6% |
| March 2022 | 94.9% | 5.1% |
| April 2022 | 95.1% | 4.9% |
| May 2022 | 95.2% | 4.8% |
| June 2022 | 93.8% | 6.2% |
| July 2022 | 94.4% | 5.6% |
| August 2022 | 92.8% | 7.2% |
| September 2022 | 90.4% | 9.6% |
| October 2022 | 91.9% | 8.1% |
| November 2022 | 92.3% | 7.8% |
| December 2022 | 89.0% | 11.0% |
| January 2023 | 84.0% | 16.0% |
| February 2023 | 83.7% | 16.3% |
| March 2023 | 79.3% | 20.7% |
| April 2023 | 74.5% | 25.5% |
| May 2023 | 69.6% | 30.4% |
| June 2023 | 67.2% | 32.8% |
| July 2023 | 60.8% | 39.2% |
| August 2023 | 61.0% | 39.0% |
| September 2023 | 64.1% | 35.9% |
| October 2023 | 60.2% | 39.9% |
| November 2023 | 61.0% | 39.0% |
| December 2023 | 55.4% | 44.6% |
| January 2024 | 54.6% | 45.4% |
| February 2024 | 58.9% | 41.1% |
| March 2024 | 54.8% | 45.3% |
| April 2024 | 59.0% | 41.0% |
| May 2024 | 57.3% | 42.7% |
| June 2024 | 58.1% | 41.9% |
| July 2024 | 55.5% | 44.5% |
| August 2024 | 52.4% | 47.6% |
| September 2024 | 52.6% | 47.4% |
| October 2024 | 51.4% | 48.6% |
| November 2024 | 48.9% | 51.1% |
| December 2024 | 45.5% | 54.5% |
| January 2025 | 44.9% | 55.1% |
| February 2025 | 48.6% | 51.4% |
| March 2025 | 48.7% | 51.3% |
| April 2025 | 52.7% | 47.3% |
| May 2025 | 48.3% | 51.7% |
According to Graphite, AI-generated articles eventually surpassed human-written ones in November 2024, marking a major turning point in web publishing. As of May 2025, AI-written articles accounted for 51.7% of Graphite’s sample, slightly above the human-written share.
While AI-written content grew quickly, the trend has leveled off more recently. Graphite found that the proportion of AI-generated articles has remained relatively stable since May 2024, suggesting that the first wave of explosive adoption may have cooled.
Importantly, this does not mean most web traffic goes to AI-written content. Graphite notes that publishing volume and audience visibility are different measures, and AI-generated articles appear less visible in Google and ChatGPT than their prevalence in published articles suggests.
Graphite split each article into 500-word chunks and used Surfer’s AI detector to estimate how much of it was AI-written. An article was labeled AI-generated if more than 50% of its content was flagged as AI-written.
This study focused specifically on English-language articles and listicles, not all online content. To be included, URLs had to have article schema markup, contain at least 100 words, and have publish dates between January 2020 and May 2025.
If you enjoyed today’s post, check out The Jobs Most Exposed to Generative AI on Voronoi.
