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Ranked: Countries With the Lowest Debt to GDP in 2025

2025-12-04 01:51:35

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Bar chart showing countries with the lowest debt to GDP in 2025.

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Countries With the Lowest Debt to GDP in 2025

See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources.

Key Takeaways

  • Asia holds nine of the top 20 countries or jurisdictions with the lowest debt-to-GDP ratios in the world.
  • Kuwait has the lowest debt in the Middle East, while Liechtenstein is the least debt-burdened in Europe.

While global debt stands at 94.7% of GDP in 2025, some countries are managing to avoid this systemic burden.

Asia, for instance, is home to several countries with the lowest debt worldwide. In many ways, these are small economies with shrinking debt burdens and stable growth. In Europe, Liechtenstein is a clear outlier, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of just 0.5%.

This graphic shows the countries (and some other jurisdictions) with the lowest government debt ratios in 2025, based on data from the IMF’s latest World Economic Outlook.

The Top 20 Countries With the Lowest Debt

Below, we show which countries have a debt-to-GDP ratio of less than 25%:

Rank Country Government Gross Debt
% of GDP in 2025
Region
1 🇲🇴 Macao SAR 0.0 Asia
2 🇱🇮 Liechtenstein 0.5 Europe
3 🇧🇳 Brunei Darussalam 2.3 Asia
4 🇹🇻 Tuvalu 3.6 Oceania
5 🇹🇲 Turkmenistan 3.9 Asia
6 🇰🇼 Kuwait 7.3 Middle East
7 🇰🇮 Kiribati 8.7 Oceania
8 🇭🇰 Hong Kong SAR 11.7 Asia
9 🇭🇹 Haiti 11.8 Latin America and
Caribbean
10 🇹🇱 Timor-Leste 13.9 Asia
11 🇳🇷 Nauru 15.0 Oceania
12 🇽🇰 Kosovo 17.6 Europe
13 🇨🇩 DRC 19.1 Africa
14 🇼🇸 Samoa 20.9 Oceania
15 🇹🇯 Tajikistan 22.0 Asia
16 🇦🇿 Azerbaijan 22.4 Asia
17 🇷🇺 Russia 23.1 Europe
18 🇹🇼 Taiwan 23.4 Asia
19 🇸🇧 Solomon Islands 23.7 Oceania
20 🇹🇷 Türkiye 24.3 Asia

As the world’s biggest gambling hub, Macao SAR has zero debt, bolstered by billions in gaming revenue and healthy financial reserves.

Liechtenstein ranks in second, with virtually no debt and the only country in Europe ranking in the top 10. As a financial center, it had more job postings than its total population in early 2025. Similarly, the number of corporate entities outnumbers its residents, which stands around 41,000.

Ranking in sixth is Kuwait, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 7.3%. In 2024, the oil-rich country generated about $70 billion in oil revenues, equal to roughly 80% of government revenues.

Like Kuwait, Russia’s debt position has been boosted by its oil exports, despite Western sanctions. With debt standing at 23.1% of GDP in 2025, Russia’s wartime economy has surprisingly prospered, driven by tight fiscal policies and ample foreign exchange reserves.

Learn More on the Voronoi App

To learn more about this topic, check out this graphic on government debt to GDP around the world.

The Global Semiconductor Industry in One Giant Chart

2025-12-03 23:21:04

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Graphic breaking down the global semiconductor industry by market cap in 2025

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The Global Semiconductor Industry by Market Cap

See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources.

Key Takeaways

  • The global semiconductor industry has a combined market capitalization of over $12 trillion, with Nvidia accounting for 37% of that total.
  • The industry’s value is heavily concentrated in a few countries, particularly the U.S., Taiwan, South Korea, and the Netherlands.

The semiconductor industry powers nearly everything in today’s world, from smartphones to cars. In 2025, the sector’s market cap has surpassed an incredible $12 trillion, reflecting its critical role in training and deploying artificial intelligence tools.

In this graphic, we visualize the global semiconductor industry by market cap as of Nov. 24, 2025, breaking out the data by country.

Data & Discussion

The data for this visualization was sourced from CompaniesMarketCap.com. Rest of World category includes 16 companies across 11 countries.

Name Country Market Cap ($)
SMIC 🇨🇳 China $85,500,842,928
Cambricon Technologies 🇨🇳 China $75,197,957,577
NAURA Technology Group 🇨🇳 China $42,865,082,421
AMEC 🇨🇳 China $23,969,119,889
Rest of China (13) 🇨🇳 China $95,130,856,691
Infineon 🇩🇪 Germany $49,249,791,919
Rest of Germany (5) 🇩🇪 Germany $6,515,088,010
Tower Semiconductor 🇮🇱 Israel $10,769,490,944
Rest of Israel (3) 🇮🇱 Israel $13,623,792,624
Tokyo Electron 🇯🇵 Japan $91,227,495,265
Advantest 🇯🇵 Japan $87,798,266,502
Disco Corp. 🇯🇵 Japan $29,928,064,503
Renesas Electronics 🇯🇵 Japan $20,393,528,416
Rest of Japan (10) 🇯🇵 Japan $46,385,709,039
ASML 🇳🇱 Netherlands $383,420,000,000
NXP Semiconductors 🇳🇱 Netherlands $48,295,071,744
ASM International 🇳🇱 Netherlands $26,879,091,839
BE Semiconductor 🇳🇱 Netherlands $11,316,401,019
Samsung 🇰🇷 South Korea $449,743,000,000
SK Hynix 🇰🇷 South Korea $245,339,000,000
HANMI Semiconductor 🇰🇷 South Korea $7,643,510,309
STMicroelectronics 🇨🇭 Switzerland $19,916,478,464
u-blox 🇨🇭 Switzerland $1,278,470,581
SEALSQ 🇨🇭 Switzerland $742,438,336
TSMC 🇹🇼 Taiwan $1,476,290,000,000
MediaTek 🇹🇼 Taiwan $60,195,775,303
ASE Group 🇹🇼 Taiwan $30,891,462,656
Rest of Taiwan (17) 🇹🇼 Taiwan $108,342,233,500
Arm Holdings 🇬🇧 United Kingdom $142,927,000,000
IQE plc 🇬🇧 United Kingdom $65,518,055
NVIDIA 🇺🇸 United States $4,436,880,000,000
Broadcom 🇺🇸 United States $1,784,860,000,000
AMD 🇺🇸 United States $350,110,000,000
Micron Technology 🇺🇸 United States $251,354,000,000
Lam Research 🇺🇸 United States $189,634,000,000
Applied Materials 🇺🇸 United States $183,953,000,000
QUALCOMM 🇺🇸 United States $178,100,000,000
Intel 🇺🇸 United States $170,718,000,000
KLA 🇺🇸 United States $149,690,000,000
Texas Instruments 🇺🇸 United States $146,607,000,000
Analog Devices 🇺🇸 United States $117,774,000,000
Synopsys 🇺🇸 United States $75,159,486,464
Marvell Technology 🇺🇸 United States $72,243,740,672
Monolithic Power Systems 🇺🇸 United States $42,779,512,832
Microchip Technology 🇺🇸 United States $27,697,901,568
Credo Technology 🇺🇸 United States $26,096,388,096
Astera Labs 🇺🇸 United States $24,955,508,736
Coherent Corp. 🇺🇸 United States $23,857,489,920
Rest of U.S. (45) 🇺🇸 United States $161,547,006,550
Rest of World 🌍 Rest of World $26,757,473,059

U.S. Firms Lead the Market

American companies make up the majority of the industry’s total valuation, exceeding $7 trillion combined.

Nvidia alone represents $4.4 trillion market cap, accounting for roughly 37% of the entire global sector. The company’s chips are widely used for developing and running modern AI workloads, powering everything from large language models to autonomous vehicles. Other leading U.S. players include Broadcom ($1.8 trillion) and AMD ($350 billion), both of which signed massive deals with OpenAI in 2025.

Note that all three of these companies are fabless semiconductor companies, meaning they design their chips in-house but rely on manufacturers like TSMC to actually produce them.

Taiwan’s Semiconductor Powerhouse

Taiwan remains a cornerstone of global chip manufacturing, with TSMC holding the title as the world’s largest contract chipmaker. The company is currently expanding into the U.S., constructing new fabs in Arizona that are backed by billions of dollars in incentives under the Biden administration’s CHIPS and Science Act.

MediaTek, Taiwan’s second-largest semiconductor company, is a major designer of mobile and connectivity chipsets, supplying processors for smartphones, smart TVs, and automotive systems used by many leading consumer-electronics brands.

Europe’s Strategic Niche

Europe, though smaller in total market value, plays a crucial role in semiconductor equipment and design. The Netherlands’ ASML, valued at $383 billion, is the world’s sole supplier of EUV lithography technology.

ASML does not sell its most advanced lithography machines to China because of export restrictions imposed by the U.S. and supported by the Dutch government.

Learn More on the Voronoi App

If you enjoyed today’s post, check out All of the World’s Data Centers in One Chart on Voronoi, the new app from Visual Capitalist.

Mapped: U.S. Homeownership Rates by State

2025-12-03 21:05:55

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Map showing the homeownership rate across U.S. states in 2024.

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Mapped: The U.S. Homeownership Rate by State

See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources.

Key Takeaways

  • West Virginia has the highest share of homeowners in the country, at 76% of households in 2024.
  • Washington, D.C., New York, and California have the lowest homeownership rates, given limited housing stock and persistently elevated prices.

Homeownership is a traditional path for building wealth, with about two-thirds of U.S. households falling into this category.

While nearly 60% of baby boomers owned homes by the age of 33, this figure has shrunk to about 40% for millennials. Today, boomers continue to own the greatest share of real estate by generation, outpacing millennials by about twofold.

This graphic shows homeownership rates across America, based on data from the U.S. Census Bureau.

Which States Have the Highest Homeownership Rate?

Below, we show the share of homeowners in each state based on 2024 estimates:

Rank State Homeownership Rate in 2024 (%)
1 West Virginia 75.5
2 Delaware 73.8
3 Michigan 73.5
4 Maine 73.3
5 Vermont 73.2
6 New Hampshire 72.6
7 South Carolina 72.3
8 Idaho 71.7
9 Wyoming 71.7
10 Minnesota 71.6
11 Iowa 71.3
12 New Mexico 71.1
13 Alabama 71.0
14 Indiana 70.7
15 Mississippi 70.5
16 Utah 69.6
17 Puerto Rico 69.3
18 Pennsylvania 69.3
19 Montana 68.6
20 Missouri 68.6
21 South Dakota 68.3
22 Kentucky 68.1
23 Kansas 68.1
24 Louisiana 68.1
25 Florida 68.0
26 Ohio 68.0
27 Wisconsin 68.0
28 Maryland 67.8
29 Arizona 67.8
30 Illinois 67.6
31 Virginia 67.1
32 Arkansas 67.1
33 North Carolina 66.8
34 Tennessee 66.8
35 Nebraska 66.7
36 Connecticut 66.7
37 Alaska 66.5
38 Georgia 66.3
39 Colorado 65.9
40 Oklahoma 65.7
41 New Jersey 63.9
42 Rhode Island 63.5
43 Oregon 63.1
44 Washington 62.9
45 Massachusetts 62.4
46 Texas 62.3
47 Hawaii 61.7
48 North Dakota 61.2
49 Nevada 60.1
50 California 55.8
51 New York 54.3
52 District of Columbia 40.9

West Virginia leads nationally, with over three-quarters of residents owning homes.

The Mountain State is known for its affordability, requiring a household salary of just $71,000 to buy a home in 2025. What’s more, this is for a typical three-bedroom home, with a 10% down payment and a 6.67% mortgage rate.

Delaware ranks in second, at 73.8%, while several other small, coastal states rank among the top 10.

On the other end of the spectrum, 40.9% of residents in Washington, D.C. own real estate, lower than both New York (54.3%) and California (55.8%). High land values, restrictive zoning, and out-of-state migration are key factors that have reduced affordability in the nation’s capital.

Learn More on the Voronoi App

To learn more about this topic, check out this graphic on rent and home price changes across major global cities since 2015.

Ranked: The World’s Most Profitable Companies in 2025

2025-12-03 02:25:10

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Graphic showing the world’s most profitable companies in 2025

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Ranked: The World’s Most Profitable Companies in 2025

See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources.

Key Takeaways

  • Alphabet, Apple, and Microsoft lead global profitability, each earning over $100B in net income.
  • U.S. companies dominate the list, but major Asian and European giants also rank among the top earners.

The ranking of the world’s most profitable companies in 2025 highlights a powerful concentration of earnings across technology, finance, and energy.

The data for this visualization comes from FinanceCharts.com. It ranks companies by trailing 12-month net income as of November 2025 and shows the profit margins behind those earnings.

Tech Giants Lead by a Wide Margin

As in previous years, technology firms dominate the top of the ranking, with Alphabet earning $124.3 billion and Apple and Microsoft close behind. These companies benefit from high-margin digital services, advertising platforms, and enterprise software, all of which scale efficiently.

Rank Name TTM Net Income TTM Net Profit Margin
1 Alphabet $124.3B 30.1%
2 Apple $112.0B 24.8%
3 Microsoft $104.9B 35.7%
4 NVIDIA $99.2B 53.7%
5 Saudi Aramco $95.6B 21.7%
6 Amazon.com $76.5B 9.8%
7 Berkshire Hathaway $67.5B 22.0%
8 Meta Platforms $58.5B 36.7%
9 JPMorgan Chase & Co $56.7B 20.1%
10 Taiwan Semiconductor $50.5B 41.6%
11 Industrial and Commerci.. $49.9B 21.7%
12 China Construction Bank $46.4B 23.4%
13 Agricultural Bank of Ch.. $38.5B 18.8%
14 Bank of China $31.4B 16.3%
15 Exxon Mobil $30.0B 9.7%
16 HSBC Holdings $29.6B 14.7%
17 Toyota Motor $29.5B 9.6%
18 Tencent Holdings $29.3B 27.8%
19 Bank of America $28.3B 13.5%
20 Johnson & Johnson $25.1B 21.9%
21 China Life Insurance $24.0B 35.6%
22 Walmart $22.9B 3.0%
23 Comcast $22.6B 14.9%
24 PetroChina $22.3B 5.6%
25 AT&T $22.2B 10.7%
26 UniCredit SpA $21.3B 23.8%
27 Alibaba Group Holding $20.9B 11.3%
28 Samsung Electronics $20.6B 10.6%
29 China Merchants Bank $20.2B 28.3%
30 Allianz $20.1B 13.2%
31 Wells Fargo & Co $20.0B 15.2%
32 Visa $19.9B 52.2%
33 Verizon Communications $19.8B 12.2%
34 Ping An Insurance (Grou.. $19.7B 14.6%
35 Holcim $19.1B 31.4%
36 BNP Paribas $19.1B 8.5%
37 Merck & Co $19.0B 25.7%
38 Broadcom $18.9B 19.0%
39 Eli Lilly and Co $18.4B 24.7%
40 UnitedHealth Group $17.6B 4.3%
41 Uber Technologies $16.6B 24.0%
42 Procter & Gamble $16.5B 18.2%
43 Novo Nordisk $16.0B 34.6%
44 Sanofi $15.9B 16.2%
45 Goldman Sachs Group $15.8B 11.1%
46 Banco Santander $15.7B 9.8%
47 Morgan Stanley $15.6B 12.1%
48 Shell $14.6B 5.2%
49 Home Depot $14.6B 9.0%
50 Deutsche Telekom $14.5B 8.1%

NVIDIA stands out with a remarkable 53.7% profit margin, underscoring how demand for AI chips continues to reshape the semiconductor industry. Together, the top U.S. tech firms account for several hundred billion dollars in annual profit, more than entire sectors in some countries.

Financial Institutions Are Global Profit Engines

JPMorgan Chase, Bank of America, and Wells Fargo all appear in the top 50, contributing tens of billions in profit.

China’s “Big Four” banks—ICBC, China Construction Bank, Agricultural Bank of China, and Bank of China—also rank highly thanks to scale and extensive domestic networks.

European firms such as HSBC, BNP Paribas, and Santander add further evidence that financial services remain one of the world’s most profitable industries.

Energy, Pharmaceuticals, and Retail Show Mixed Results

Saudi Aramco remains the world’s most profitable non-tech operator, generating $95.6 billion from energy production despite market volatility. Pharma companies like Merck, Eli Lilly, and Novo Nordisk show strong margins driven by high-value therapeutics and blockbuster drug pipelines.

In contrast, retail giants such as Walmart and Home Depot post lower margins due to their cost-intensive structures, though their absolute profits still place them among the world’s leaders.

Learn More on the Voronoi App

If you enjoyed today’s post, check out When Will the Next $5 Trillion Dollar Company Emerge? on Voronoi, the new app from Visual Capitalist.

Ranked: The Top Factors That Build AI Trust

2025-12-03 00:37:00

Published

on

The following content is sponsored by Terzo

Ranked: The Top Factors That Build AI Trust

Key Takeaways

  • Capability is the biggest driving factor of AI trust across over 500 studies.
  • Human-like traits (anthropomorphism) are the second-biggest precursor to people trusting AI.

AI is evolving faster than most teams can keep up. It’s often inaccurate, occasionally unpredictable, and forces businesses to rethink workflows they’ve trusted for years. In this environment, AI trust isn’t automatic. It has to be earned.

This graphic pulls back the curtain on what really makes people believe in AI—and why performance matters more than polish. It’s a preview of the brand-new executive guide from Terzo and Visual Capitalist, AI’s Illusion of Truth: The Data Behind AI Errors.

The Most Common Drivers of AI Trust

Researchers reviewed over 500 studies to find the most commonly cited drivers of people’s trust in AI. At the top of the list is capability, an AI system’s ability to perform tasks accurately and effectively. 

This makes intuitive sense. When an AI model repeatedly hallucinates or gives unreliable output, teams quickly lose trust. In a world where overconfidence and illusions of accuracy are common, competent AI matters most.

Factor Number of Times Reported
as Precursor to Human Trust in AI
Capability 92
Anthropomorphism* 67
Individual Factors 47
Explainability 41
Privacy Risk 37

*Anthropomorphism is attributing human characteristics to AI. Source: AI & Society, based on a systematic review of 562 studies of human trust in AI.

The second most common factor is giving AI human-like traits (anthropomorphism). For example, this can include things like the AI model referring to itself as “I,” using a conversational tone, or appearing friendly.

Beyond this, individual factors like age, gender, and education level play a large role. 

People are also more likely to have confidence in AI if they understand the logic behind AI decisions (explainability) and if they feel there is a low privacy risk. 

How Business Leaders Can Build Trust

To move past illusions of confidence and toward dependable results, teams need to invest in AI that is competent and clear. While human-like traits can help ease adoption, they shouldn’t be a substitute for strong performance.

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Dig deeper into the data behind AI errors and how to get 99% accuracy in the free executive guide, AI’s Illusion of Truth.

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What the Top 1% Richest Americans Pay in Taxes Across the U.S.

2025-12-02 23:36:05

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This graphic shows each state’s share of income taxes paid by the top 1% of earners.

Use This Visualization

What the Top 1% Richest Americans Pay in Taxes Across the U.S.

See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources.

Key Takeaways

  • The top 1% richest Americans earn 19.5% of U.S. income yet pay 37% of total income taxes.
  • State-by-state tax burdens vary widely, with Wyoming, Florida, and Nevada seeing the highest share of taxes paid by the top 1%.

This graphic uses IRS data from 2022 analyzed by SmartAsset to show how much the richest people contribute to income tax revenue.

The table below includes each state’s share of income taxes paid by the top 1% and the total amount of income tax they paid.

Where the Top 1% Pay the Largest Share of Taxes

Wyoming leads the nation, with the top 1% paying 54.67% of all state income taxes.

Florida and Nevada follow closely, both surpassing the 50% threshold. These states attract high-income individuals in part due to tax-friendly policies and large concentrations of wealthy households.

Rank State Income taxes paid by top 1% Total income tax paid by 1% (thousands of dollars)
1 Wyoming 54.67% $2,460,940
2 Florida 53.62% $96,264,565
3 Nevada 51.12% $11,010,104
4 New York 46.26% $79,488,609
5 Texas 44.52% $81,990,700
6 Connecticut 43.85% $16,284,881
7 Montana 42.92% $2,690,156
8 Arkansas 42.22% $4,814,153
9 Utah 41.16% $7,477,634
10 Tennessee 41.04% $14,547,566
11 South Dakota 40.46% $2,020,508
12 Louisiana 38.72% $6,806,423
13 California 38.60% $122,452,981
14 Illinois 38.39% $32,677,874
15 Georgia 38.31% $21,001,340
16 Mississippi 38.29% $3,297,109
17 Idaho 38.20% $3,392,957
18 Massachusetts 38.19% $26,646,912
19 Arizona 38.00% $14,438,918
20 Oklahoma 37.80% $5,622,529
21 Missouri 37.16% $10,481,163
22 South Carolina 37.05% $8,867,845
23 Nebraska 37.03% $3,704,671
24 Alabama 36.15% $6,778,809
25 Kansas 35.79% $5,066,051
26 Wisconsin 35.54% $11,024,109
27 Indiana 35.52% $10,518,818
28 New Hampshire 35.41% $3,946,877
29 North Carolina 35.28% $19,037,365
30 Pennsylvania 35.09% $26,128,752
31 Michigan 35.01% $16,650,121
32 Ohio 34.60% $18,842,538
33 Colorado 34.51% $14,894,687
34 North Dakota 34.41% $1,521,767
35 Kentucky 34.26% $5,451,182
36 New Jersey 33.78% $26,899,308
37 Rhode Island 33.58% $2,150,700
38 Hawaii 33.57% $2,455,554
39 Iowa 33.16% $4,813,252
40 Virginia 32.94% $19,239,261
41 Minnesota 32.64% $11,524,941
42 New Mexico 32.30% $2,380,544
43 Washington 32.06% $20,012,467
44 Vermont 32.04% $1,078,255
45 Maine 30.48% $1,976,671
46 Maryland 30.45% $12,675,749
47 Delaware 30.38% $1,647,326
48 Oregon 30.37% $6,773,041
49 West Virginia 30.28% $1,647,747
50 Alaska 26.37% $1,016,945

High-Population States with High-Dollar Contributions

In states like California, Texas, and New York, the share of taxes paid by the top 1% ranges from 39% to 46%, but the dollar amounts are higher due to population scale.

California’s top earners alone account for more than $122 billion in income taxes, the largest total contribution of any state. High adjusted gross incomes—often above $2 million—mean that even moderate tax-share percentages translate into substantial revenue.

States with More Evenly Distributed Tax Burdens

States further down the ranking, such as Oklahoma, Arizona, and Idaho, still see the top 1% paying about 38% of income taxes. Alaska sits at the bottom, with top earners paying 26%. Across nearly every state, the top 1% shoulder between one-third and one-half of total income taxes.

Learn More on the Voronoi App

If you enjoyed today’s post, check out Mean vs. Median: Visualizing Net Worth in the U.S. by Age Group on Voronoi, the new app from Visual Capitalist.