2025-12-22 05:52:18
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Airline punctuality is more than a matter of convenience—it can affect connections, business trips, and even consumer trust. In the first half of 2025, the Bureau of Transportation Statistics tracked the on-time performance of U.S. airlines, with the data visualized by USAFacts.
Below is a ranking of 21 major carriers from best to worst for on-time arrivals, with an on-time arrival being defined as a flight that landed within 15 minutes of its scheduled time.
Here is the full data, as compiled from the Bureau of Transportation Statistics:
| Rank | Airline | On-time percentage (H1 2025) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hawaiian | 83.1% |
| 2 | Horizon | 81.3% |
| 3 | Southwest | 78.9% |
| 4 | United | 78.6% |
| 5 | Spirit | 78.3% |
| 6 | Delta | 78.3% |
| 7 | SkyWest | 77.8% |
| 8 | Republic | 77.8% |
| 9 | Mesa | 77.3% |
| 10 | Alaska | 76.7% |
| 11 | CommuteAir | 76.5% |
| 12 | Piedmont | 76.3% |
| 13 | Envoy | 76.3% |
| 14 | Endeavor | 75.0% |
| 15 | Allegiant | 74.8% |
| 16 | JetBlue | 74.5% |
| 17 | American | 73.6% |
| 18 | United Express | 72.5% |
| 19 | Air Wisconsin | 71.3% |
| 20 | Frontier | 70.0% |
| 21 | PSA | 65.7% |
Hawaiian Airlines and Horizon Air top the list, both with over 80% on-time arrivals. On the other end, PSA Airlines lags significantly behind with just 65.7%. Most major carriers, including Southwest, United, Delta, and American, fall within the 73–79% range.
Understanding why flights are delayed helps put these rankings into context. According to both the BTS and ITILITE, there are five primary causes for delays:
Many regional airlines—like PSA, Air Wisconsin, and United Express—tend to rank lower because they operate under tighter schedules and have fewer resources for disruptions.
On-time performance is just one part of the travel experience. In a recent Visual Capitalist breakdown of consumer-ranked airlines, Delta, Alaska, and Southwest were standouts for customer satisfaction—aligning closely with their punctuality scores.
That said, some airlines like Spirit and Frontier, while improving their on-time metrics, still struggle with overall service reputation. This shows that punctuality is only part of the equation when travelers choose who to fly with.
For a deeper look into airport performance, check out our Voronoi ranking of Top 20 U.S. Airports, where timeliness is also a major metric.
2025-12-22 04:49:01
The Column of Marcus Aurelius, one of Rome’s most iconic imperial monuments, immortalizes the Roman emperor’s campaigns during the Barbarian Wars.
The visual featured above is sourced from a meticulous 18th-century engraving by Giovanni Battista Piranesi, archived in the David Rumsey Historical Map Collection, that reproduces the towering structure in incredible detail. We’ve provided additional context on the graphic.
The narrative on the Column of Marcus Aurelius unfolds in a continuous spiral from bottom to top. Across 21 intricately carved drums of white Carrara marble, Roman soldiers fortify camps, cross rivers, battle Germanic tribes, and emerge victorious, all under the command of the stoic emperor himself.
Unlike Trajan’s Column, which emphasized conquest and administration, the Marcus Aurelius column takes on a more somber tone. It features scenes of execution, slavery, burning villages, and even divine intervention, reflecting the brutal realities of warfare in the 2nd century AD.
Completed in 193 AD, the column was originally crowned with a statue of Marcus Aurelius, which was lost to time. In 1588, Pope Sixtus V replaced it with a statue of the Apostle Paul, which is still in place today. Despite centuries of weathering, pollution, and urban development, the column remains a centerpiece of Rome’s Piazza Colonna.
Incredibly, laser restoration efforts completed in 2025 have peeled back centuries of grime to reveal newly vivid carvings and detail. This project brought new life to a 1,800-year-old narrative, allowing viewers to better appreciate the craftsmanship and complexity of the ancient storytelling.
Marcus Aurelius ruled during a turbulent period marked by plague, border conflict, and economic strain, a theme we also explore in our data-driven piece on currency and the collapse of the Roman Empire.
This column, completed posthumously, is both a tribute and a testament to those challenges, preserved in marble for the world to study.
2025-12-22 01:44:40
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U.S. population growth is slowing, and is projected to grind to a halt by 2048.
Today, historically low fertility means births only marginally exceed deaths. Not only that, within the next decade that balance is projected to flip, with deaths surpassing births by an increasing margin.
This graphic shows U.S. population growth projections through to 2055, based on analysis from the Congressional Budget Office.
In the table below, we show the rate of population growth in America since 2005 along with forecasts to mid-century:
| Year | Overall Population Growth | Births Minus Deaths | Net Immigration |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2005 | 1.1% | 0.5% | 0.6% |
| 2006 | 1.2% | 0.6% | 0.6% |
| 2007 | 0.9% | 0.6% | 0.3% |
| 2008 | 0.6% | 0.5% | 0.1% |
| 2009 | 0.8% | 0.5% | 0.3% |
| 2010 | 0.8% | 0.5% | 0.3% |
| 2011 | 0.8% | 0.5% | 0.3% |
| 2012 | 0.6% | 0.4% | 0.2% |
| 2013 | 0.7% | 0.4% | 0.3% |
| 2014 | 0.9% | 0.4% | 0.5% |
| 2015 | 0.9% | 0.4% | 0.5% |
| 2016 | 0.7% | 0.4% | 0.3% |
| 2017 | 0.7% | 0.3% | 0.4% |
| 2018 | 0.5% | 0.3% | 0.2% |
| 2019 | 0.4% | 0.3% | 0.1% |
| 2020 | 0.4% | 0.1% | 0.3% |
| 2021 | 0.5% | 0.0% | 0.5% |
| 2022 | 0.9% | 0.1% | 0.8% |
| 2023 | 1.2% | 0.2% | 1.0% |
| 2024 | 0.9% | 0.1% | 0.8% |
| 2025 | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.1% |
| 2026 | 0.3% | 0.1% | 0.2% |
| 2027 | 0.3% | 0.1% | 0.2% |
| 2028 | 0.3% | 0.1% | 0.2% |
| 2029 | 0.3% | 0.0% | 0.3% |
| 2030 | 0.3% | 0.0% | 0.3% |
| 2031 | 0.3% | 0.0% | 0.3% |
| 2032 | 0.3% | 0.0% | 0.3% |
| 2033 | 0.2% | 0.0% | 0.3% |
| 2034 | 0.2% | -0.1% | 0.3% |
| 2035 | 0.2% | -0.1% | 0.3% |
| 2036 | 0.2% | -0.1% | 0.3% |
| 2037 | 0.2% | -0.1% | 0.3% |
| 2038 | 0.2% | -0.1% | 0.3% |
| 2039 | 0.2% | -0.1% | 0.3% |
| 2040 | 0.1% | -0.2% | 0.3% |
| 2041 | 0.1% | -0.2% | 0.3% |
| 2042 | 0.1% | -0.2% | 0.3% |
| 2043 | 0.1% | -0.2% | 0.3% |
| 2044 | 0.1% | -0.2% | 0.3% |
| 2045 | 0.1% | -0.2% | 0.3% |
| 2046 | 0.1% | -0.2% | 0.3% |
| 2047 | 0.1% | -0.3% | 0.3% |
| 2048 | 0.0% | -0.3% | 0.3% |
| 2049 | 0.0% | -0.3% | 0.3% |
| 2050 | 0.0% | -0.3% | 0.3% |
| 2051 | 0.0% | -0.3% | 0.3% |
| 2052 | 0.0% | -0.3% | 0.3% |
| 2053 | 0.0% | -0.3% | 0.3% |
| 2054 | 0.0% | -0.3% | 0.3% |
| 2055 | 0.0% | -0.3% | 0.3% |
In 2024, there were 3.6 million births in America, falling from 4.1 million in 2005.
Overall, population growth from births exceeding deaths was just 0.1% last year, while in 2005 it stood at 0.5%. At the same time, fertility rates sank from 2.6 births per woman to 1.6 in 2024.
With natural increase fading, net immigration has become a far more important driver of population growth in recent years. Without it, the U.S. population would begin contracting as early as 2033.
Moreover, average population growth is projected to fall from 0.9% annually between 1974 and 2024 to less than one-fifth of that pace through 2055. Over the same period, net immigration is forecast to average 1.1 million people per year, up from 920,000 annually between 2010 and 2019.
To learn more about this topic, check out this graphic on America’s fastest-growing states.
2025-12-21 23:28:55
See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources.
Coffee is a daily ritual for millions of people around the world. Yet the price of a simple cappuccino can vary dramatically depending on where you order it. Local wages, rents, taxes, and currency strength all shape what consumers ultimately pay for their caffeine fix.
This visualization ranks the most expensive cappuccinos among the 69 major cities covered in Deutsche Bank’s Mapping the World’s Prices 2025 report. It covers cappuccino prices in 2025, expressed in U.S. dollars for comparability.
Zurich and Copenhagen share the top spot, with an average cappuccino price of $6.77. Switzerland’s high wages and cost of living, combined with a strong currency, push everyday purchases higher.
Geneva also ranks among the most expensive cities at $5.86, reinforcing Switzerland’s position as one of the costliest places in the world for daily consumption.
| Rank | City | Economy | Cappuccino Price (USD) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Zurich |
 Switzerland |
$6.77 |
| 2 | Copenhagen |
 Denmark |
$6.77 |
| 3 | New York |
 United States |
$5.95 |
| 4 | San Francisco |
United States |
$5.90 |
| 5 | Geneva |
Switzerland |
$5.86 |
| 6 | Abu Dhabi |
 United Arab Emirates |
$5.84 |
| 7 | Los Angeles |
United States |
$5.78 |
| 8 | Chicago |
United States |
$5.67 |
| 9 | Boston |
United States |
$5.62 |
| 10 | Dubai |
United Arab Emirates |
$5.53 |
| 11 | Edinburgh |
 United Kingdom |
$5.28 |
| 12 | London |
United Kingdom |
$5.19 |
| 13 | Helsinki |
 Finland |
$5.13 |
| 14 | Stockholm |
 Sweden |
$5.10 |
| 15 | Hong Kong |
 Hong Kong |
$5.09 |
| 16 | Doha |
 Qatar |
$5.08 |
| 17 | Vienna |
 Austria |
$4.96 |
| 18 | Singapore |
 Singapore |
$4.96 |
| 19 | Oslo |
 Norway |
$4.90 |
| 20 | Amsterdam |
 Netherlands |
$4.79 |
Several U.S. cities appear prominently in the rankings. New York ($5.95) and San Francisco ($5.90) lead the pack, followed closely by Los Angeles, Chicago, and Boston.
Despite differences in geography and culture, cappuccino prices across these U.S. cities fall within a relatively narrow range, suggesting similar cost structures in large urban markets.
European cities show a wider spread. While London ($5.19), Stockholm ($5.10), and Helsinki ($5.13) rank among the pricier options, Vienna and Amsterdam sit below $5.00.
Notably, Italy stands apart. Even the most expensive cappuccino in Italy—found in Milan—costs just $2.15, while in Rome the average price is only $1.79.
If you enjoyed today’s post, check out Which Countries Drink the Most Wine? on Voronoi, the new app from Visual Capitalist.
2025-12-21 21:07:22
See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources.
A white Christmas is one of those holiday experiences that feels universal—until you look at the weather history and actual odds of snowfall on Christmas Day across the United States.
This map shows the historic probability across the U.S. of seeing at least one inch of snow on the ground on December 25, using data from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) is based on the latest U.S. Climate Normals (1991–2020).
These “normals” are three-decade averages built from observations at nearly 15,000 stations, offering a consistent baseline for what’s typical in different parts of the country.
If you want the simplest rule of thumb for a white Christmas, head north. The northern Plains, Upper Midwest, and large stretches of the interior Northeast generally sit in higher probability bands than the rest of the country.
The data table below features state averages of NOAA’s full 5,000+ row dataset of specific station probabilities of at least one inch of snow:
| State | Average probability of at least one inch of snow on Christmas day |
|---|---|
| Alabama | 0.1% |
| Alaska | 84.3% |
| Arizona | 4.1% |
| Arkansas | 1.3% |
| California | 4.4% |
| Colorado | 48.7% |
| Connecticut | 35.2% |
| Delaware | 6.5% |
| Florida | 0.0% |
| Georgia | 0.4% |
| Hawaii | 0.0% |
| Idaho | 62.1% |
| Illinois | 27.2% |
| Indiana | 26.0% |
| Iowa | 46.9% |
| Kansas | 15.0% |
| Kentucky | 6.6% |
| Louisiana | 0.1% |
| Maine | 74.4% |
| Maryland | 11.2% |
| Massachusetts | 35.8% |
| Michigan | 64.8% |
| Minnesota | 75.2% |
| Mississippi | 0.2% |
| Missouri | 13.7% |
| Montana | 56.7% |
| Nebraska | 35.1% |
| Nevada | 17.8% |
| New Hampshire | 70.1% |
| New Jersey | 13.7% |
| New Mexico | 11.3% |
| New York | 55.9% |
| North Carolina | 3.1% |
| North Dakota | 77.3% |
| Ohio | 26.8% |
| Oklahoma | 3.1% |
| Oregon | 14.4% |
| Pennsylvania | 34.2% |
| Rhode Island | 26.9% |
| South Carolina | 0.6% |
| South Dakota | 55.5% |
| Tennessee | 2.8% |
| Texas | 0.8% |
| Utah | 46.2% |
| Vermont | 76.9% |
| Virginia | 8.6% |
| Washington | 26.9% |
| West Virginia | 26.8% |
| Wisconsin | 66.3% |
| Wyoming | 56.0% |
Areas around the Great Lakes can also improve their odds thanks to lake-effect snow, which can build persistent snowpack when cold air is in place.
Meanwhile, the further south you go, the more quickly the map shifts into darker shades—signaling that a white Christmas is historically uncommon.
Elevation can change the forecast more than any state line. The Rockies and the Sierra Nevada stand out as some of the most reliable places for holiday snow cover, with many high-altitude areas reaching the upper probabilities of Christmas Day snowfall.
The Cascades and ranges across Idaho also show strong odds, reinforcing how quickly temperatures drop with height.
Even in the East, the Appalachians make a visible difference—higher terrain can hold onto snow that the surrounding lowlands doesn’t.
Across the Gulf Coast, Deep South, and much of the Sun Belt, the map largely sits in the 0–10% range. Warmer winter temperatures mean snow is rarer to begin with—and even when it does fall, it’s less likely to stick around long enough to still be on the ground by Christmas morning.
Coastal climates often tilt milder as well, especially where ocean air moderates winter cold.
And for non-contiguous states, the story is mixed: Alaska’s station network is too sparse to confidently fill in the entire map, while Hawaii’s odds remain firmly at zero.
In other words, the classic “white Christmas” is real—but it’s also highly regional. If snow is the goal, history suggests two reliable strategies: chase colder latitudes, or climb into the mountains.
For more Christmas-related visualizations, check out this graphic which ranks Spotify’s most streamed Christmas songs on Voronoi.
2025-12-21 03:52:46
See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources.
Each December, millions of Americans venture out to find the perfect Christmas tree, and for a large portion of them, nothing beats a real evergreen. Despite rising demand for artificial trees, the real Christmas tree market in the U.S. remains vibrant, with 21.6 million trees sold in 2023 alone, according to data compiled by USDA’s Ag Census and industry groups.
This visualization by Made Visual Daily breaks down the U.S. market by tree breed and regional production, using datasourced from the USDA and the National Christmas Tree Association.
The Fraser Fir leads all other varieties, accounting for 35% of the market thanks to its excellent needle retention and sturdy branches—ideal for holding ornaments. The Douglas Fir and Noble Fir follow with 27% and 17% market share respectively.
| State | Share of U.S. Christmas Tree Production |
|---|---|
| Oregon | 31.9% |
| North Carolina | 21.3% |
| Michigan | 11.9% |
| Washington | 6.2% |
| Pennsylvania | 4.8% |
| Other States | 23.9% |
On the production side, Oregon supplies nearly a third of all U.S. trees, followed by North Carolina, Michigan, and Washington.
While over 21 million real trees were sold in 2023, that’s down significantly from past decades. In the 1990s, Americans were buying upwards of 35 million real trees annually. Today, many households are opting for reusable artificial trees due to convenience, cost, or concerns over sustainability.
Despite the slow decline, there are an estimated 350 million Christmas trees currently growing on U.S. farms.
Even with robust domestic production, the U.S. often turns to Canada to make up for supply gaps—especially in years when droughts or wildfires affect yields in Oregon or North Carolina. Canadian tree farms, particularly in Quebec and Nova Scotia, are key players in the North American market.
While prices have risen slightly due to inflation and logistical challenges, supply has remained stable. Tree shortages feared during the pandemic have largely abated, though growers continue to manage tighter inventories to avoid oversupply.
Christmas trees are just one part of a complex global supply chain behind the holidays. From lights to ornaments, much of what decorates American homes is produced overseas. For more on this, see our article: Where Do Your Christmas Decorations Come From?
