2024-11-23 03:36:47
This was originally posted on our Voronoi app. Download the app for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources.
According to the latest supercomputer ranking from TOP500, El Capitan is the world’s most powerful system, capable of achieving 1,742 petaflops.
In this graphic, we visualize the performance and power consumption of the world’s top 10 supercomputers.
The data we used to create this graphic is listed in the table below. Figures come from TOP500’s November 2024 ranking.
| Country | System | Manufacturer | Hardware supplier | Max Performance (PFlop/s) |
Power (kW) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 US |
El Capitan | HP Enterprise | AMD | 1,742 | 29,581 |
|
US |
Frontier | HP Enterprise | AMD | 1,353 | 24,607 |
|
US |
Aurora | HP Enterprise | Intel | 1,012 | 38,698 |
|
US |
Eagle | Microsoft | Intel NVIDIA |
561 | |
 Italy |
HPC6 | HP Enterprise | AMD | 478 | 8,461 |
 Japan |
Supercomputer Fugaku |
Fujitsu | Fujitsu | 442 | 29,899 |
 Switzerland |
Alps | HP Enterprise | NVIDIA | 435 | 7,124 |
 Finland |
LUMI | HP Enterprise | AMD | 380 | 7,107 |
|
Italy |
Leonardo | EVIDEN | Intel NVIDIA |
241 | 7,494 |
|
US |
Tuolumne | HP Enterprise | AMD | 208 | 3,387 |
This ranking highlights America’s position as a global leader in computing power. For instance, the top three supercomputers are located in the U.S., and all of them are classified as exascale systems.
This is a significant change from the 2021 ranking, in which Japan’s Supercomputer Fugaku held the top spot.
The winner of this year’s ranking is El Capitan, which became operational in 2024 and is the third exascale system deployed by the United States.
Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, El Capitan was manufactured by HP Enterprise Cray and features an unknown number of AMD Instict MI300A accelerated processing units (APUs).
An exascale computer is capable of performing at least 1 exaflop (1 quintillion operations per second).
Note that in this ranking, performance is measured in petaflops (1 quadrillion). 1,000 petaflops is equal to 1 exaflop.
In realistic terms, exascale computers can handle massive datasets and solve problems at unprecedented speed. Use cases include:
Since 2021, reports have suggested that China does indeed have its own exascale systems, but is simply withholding information about them from global rankings such as the TOP500.
It’s a well known situation that China has these computers, and they have been operating for a while. They have not run the benchmarks, but [the community has] a general idea of their architectures and capabilities.
Jack Dongarra, co-founder of TOP500
China’s silence is likely related to its geopolitical strategy. Publicly announcing it has built its own exascale systems could result in further U.S. trade restrictions.
Want to learn more? Check out the Technology category on Voronoi to see more data visualizations like this.
The post Ranked: The World’s 10 Most Powerful Supercomputers appeared first on Visual Capitalist.
2024-11-22 23:36:49
This was originally posted on our Voronoi app. Download the app for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources.
The best performing cryptocurrency as of November 2024 is Dogecoin, which is considered by many to be the original “meme coin”.
Like many other cryptocurrencies, though, Dogecoin has seen a massive surge following Donald Trump’s victory in the 2024 presidential election.
In this graphic, we rank the top 10 cryptocurrencies by their YTD return (as of Nov. 17, 2024), based on data accessed via PinPoint Macro Analytics.
The data we used to create this graphic is also listed in the table below.
| Rank | Asset | YTD Return (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dogecoin | 310 |
| 2 | SHIBA INU | 150 |
| 3 | Solana | 134 |
| 4 | Bitcoin | 113 |
| 5 | BNB (Binance Coin) | 98 |
| 6 | UNUS SED LEO | 93 |
| 7 | TRON | 85 |
| 8 | XRP (Ripple) | 72 |
| 9 | Zcash | 65 |
| 10 | Crypto.com Coin | 62 |
| -- | Gold | 28 |
As mentioned before, many cryptocurrencies have rallied since Trump’s victory in the election. Investors and speculators believe that the incoming Trump administration will be crypto-friendly (his campaign accepted crypto donations).
Another factor at play (especially for Dogecoin) is Elon Musk’s growing role and influence in government. Musk is a supporter of cryptocurrency, and has repeatedly expressed support for Dogecoin through tweets and interviews.
It’s likely the creation of the Department of Government Efficiency (D.O.G.E) is also raising interest in Dogecoin.
Aside from Dogecoin, what are the other cryptos in this ranking? Here are some highlights:
If you enjoyed this graphic, check out Top 10 Countries by Crypto Ownership on Voronoi, the new app from Visual Capitalist.
The post Ranked: Top Performing Cryptocurrencies in 2024 appeared first on Visual Capitalist.
2024-11-22 21:14:01
This was originally posted on our Voronoi app. Download the app for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources.
People worldwide are becoming increasingly wealthier—and not just those who already own great wealth.
Over recent decades, the share of the global population with wealth between $10,000 and $100,000 has more than doubled, while the group in the lowest wealth segment (less than $10,000) has been nearly cut in half.
This graphic illustrates the shifts in global wealth distribution between 2000 and 2023, based on data from Art Basel and UBS.
The percentage of adults in the lowest wealth segment (under $10,000) decreased from 75% in 2000 to 40% in 2023. Most of these individuals reside in poorer countries, predominantly in Africa.
Meanwhile, the group with wealth between $10,000 and $100,000 has seen the most significant growth over the last two decades.
| Year | $10k-$100k | $100k-$1m | > $1m | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 75% | 17% | 8% | 1% |
| 2010 | 56% | 32% | 12% | 1% |
| 2019 | 57% | 33% | 10% | 1% |
| 2022 | 53% | 34% | 12% | 1% |
| 2023 | 40% | 43% | 16% | 2% |
While the share of millionaires has doubled since 2000, they still account for only 2% of the global population. North America and the Middle East have experienced the largest percentage increase in the number of millionaires since 2016, with +52% and +50% growth, respectively.
Individuals with assets worth $100,000–$1 million have grown from 8% to 16% of the population.
According to UBS, the data shows that in every wealth band and over any time horizon, it’s consistently likelier for people to climb up the wealth ladder than slip down it, at least on a global level.
To learn more about this topic, check out this graphic that shows the global wealth distribution by region in 2023.
The post How the Global Distribution of Wealth Has Changed (2000-2023) appeared first on Visual Capitalist.
2024-11-22 03:31:56
See this visualization first on the Voronoi app.
This was originally posted on our Voronoi app. Download the app for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources.
As protectionism continues to rise around the world, global trade flows are adapting.
Despite facing a wave of tariffs, China’s goods exports show resilience. In 2023, China’s export volumes neared all-time highs as the price of its manufactured exports fell 10%, on average. Overall, the world’s largest exporter delivered $500 billion in goods to America last year, but this could drastically change under the Trump administration.
This graphic shows the largest exporters in the world, based on data from the World Trade Organization.
Last year, global exports of goods totaled $23.8 trillion, declining by 5% compared to 2022.
Overall, the dollar value of exports dropped across 20 of the top 30 largest exporters in the world as the number of trade restrictions rose to almost 3,000 worldwide—approximately fivefold levels seen in 2015.
| Rank | Country | Global Share 2023 (%) | Value (B) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
 China |
14.2 | $3,380 |
| 2 |
U.S. |
8.5 | $2,020 |
| 3 |
 Germany |
7.1 | $1,688 |
| 4 |
 Netherlands |
3.9 | $935 |
| 5 |
Japan |
3.0 | $717 |
| 6 |
Italy |
2.8 | $677 |
| 7 |
 France |
2.7 | $648 |
| 8 |
 South Korea |
2.7 | $632 |
| 9 |
 Mexico |
2.5 | $593 |
| 10 |
 Hong Kong |
2.4 | $574 |
| 11 |
 Canada |
2.4 | $569 |
| 12 |
 Belgium |
2.4 | $562 |
| 13 |
 UK |
2.2 | $521 |
| 14 |
 UAE |
2.1 | $488 |
| 15 |
 Singapore |
2.0 | $476 |
| 16 |
 Taiwan |
1.8 | $432 |
| 17 |
 India |
1.8 | $432 |
| 18 |
 Russia |
1.8 | $424 |
| 19 |
 Spain |
1.8 | $423 |
| 20 |
Switzerland |
1.8 | $420 |
| 21 |
 Poland |
1.6 | $382 |
| 22 |
 Australia |
1.6 | $371 |
| 23 |
 Vietnam |
1.5 | $354 |
| 24 |
 Brazil |
1.4 | $340 |
| 25 |
 Saudi Arabia |
1.4 | $322 |
| 26 |
 Malaysia |
1.3 | $313 |
| 27 |
 Thailand |
1.2 | $285 |
| 28 |
 Indonesia |
1.1 | $259 |
| 29 |
 Türkiye |
1.1 | $256 |
| 30 |
 Czechia |
1.1 | $255 |
| World | 100 | $23,784 |
As the table above shows, China exported $3.4 trillion in goods, exceeding America by nearly $1.4 trillion.
The last time America was the world’s top exporter was in 1979, but since then it has experienced a widening trade deficit. However, energy exports, America’s top export, have largely shifted from a deficit to a surplus over the past decade.
In 2023, the U.S. achieved a $65 billion net energy surplus, strengthening its trade balance. A significant rise in domestic energy production has shielded the nation from oil price shocks, like those triggered by the Russia-Ukraine war, which severely impacted European economies.
Germany, the third-largest overall, saw goods exports increase by a slight 1%, even as the economy was contracting. The industrial-heavy economy was particularly hit by rising oil prices, as several firms paused production due to the spike in energy prices. In 2023, the country exported $160 billion in goods to America, its largest export market.
However, exports to the U.S. could decline as much as 15% if Trump’s proposed tariffs come into effect. The automotive and pharmaceutical sectors would be hit the hardest, declining 32% and 35%, respectively.
To learn more about this topic from a commodities perspective, check out this graphic on global commodity exports by sector.
The post Ranked: The World’s 30 Largest Exporters appeared first on Visual Capitalist.
2024-11-22 01:12:00
In the evolving landscape of copper mining, deposits are increasingly challenging to locate and extract.
As deposits are found deeper underground, accessing these resources becomes more costly and technically complex, ultimately impacting copper prices.
To highlight this trend, Visual Capitalist partnered with BHP to show the depths and sizes of major copper discoveries found since 1900.
This graphic shows copper discoveries with over 3 million metric tons of copper equivalent, based on data from MinEx Consulting and BHP up to 2022.
The latest major discovery, made by Filo del Sol in 2020, lies 600 meters below ground and contains just over 11 million metric tons of copper equivalent.
| Deposit Name | Discovery Year | Million metric tons of copper equivalent | Depth (Meters) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Filo Del Sol | 2020 | 11 | -600 |
| Hu'u | 2015 | 15 | -550 |
| Kakula | 2014 | 19 | -200 |
| Cascabel | 2013 | 12 | -25 |
| Timok | 2012 | 16 | -460 |
| Los Helados | 2009 | 11 | -350 |
| Kamoa | 2008 | 25 | -70 |
| Los Sulfatos | 2007 | 45 | -320 |
| Heruga | 2005 | 7 | -950 |
| Carapateena | 2005 | 5 | -470 |
| Pebble | 2002 | 37 | -80 |
| Resolution | 2002 | 27 | -1280 |
| Hugo Dummett | 2002 | 19 | -500 |
| Centinela (Sulphide) | 2000 | 18 | -350 |
| Spence Cu Camp | 1996 | 15 | -100 |
| Escondida Norte | 1995 | 10 | -200 |
| Tampakan | 1992 | 15 | -200 |
| Collahuasi Cu Au Camp | 1991 | 92 | -75 |
| Batu Hijau | 1990 | 8 | -45 |
| Ministro Hales | 1989 | 24 | -300 |
| Grasberg-Ertsberg Project (Camp) | 1988 | 57 | -25 |
| Escondida (Main Deposit) | 1981 | 85 | -40 |
| Los Bronces | 1978 | 33 | -20 |
| Salobo | 1977 | 10 | -40 |
| Olympic Dam | 1975 | 86 | -350 |
| Antamina | 1974 | 27 | -30 |
| Los Pelambres | 1971 | 38 | -20 |
| Ok Tedi | 1969 | 9 | -20 |
| Sar Cheshmeh Cu Camp | 1967 | 30 | -20 |
| El Abra Cu Camp | 1965 | 18 | -20 |
| Panguna | 1965 | 9 | -20 |
| Kidd Creek | 1963 | 5 | -30 |
| Lubin Cu Camp | 1957 | 66 | -5 |
| Palabora | 1956 | 8 | -35 |
| Andina Cu Camp | 1955 | 144 | -20 |
| Chambishi | 1952 | 6 | -13 |
| Gaisky Complex | 1950 | 8 | -30 |
| Udokan | 1949 | 27 | -15 |
| Kamoto Cu/Co-Operation | 1940 | 26 | -3 |
| Konkola (Bancroft) | 1935 | 19 | -5 |
| Kalmakyr | 1931 | 10 | -5 |
| Dzhezkazgan | 1929 | 22 | -5 |
| Nkana (Rokana) Division | 1928 | 11 | -5 |
| Cananea Cu Camp | 1926 | 35 | -5 |
| Mufulira | 1923 | 16 | -10 |
| Nchanga | 1923 | 15 | -10 |
| Tenke Fungurume | 1918 | 27 | -5 |
| Chuquicamata Cu Camp | 1910 | 131 | -5 |
| El Teniente | 1904 | 127 | -5 |
| Ely/Robinson | 1902 | 6 | -5 |
Andina Copper Camp, discovered in 1955 in Chile, holds a massive 144 million metric tons of copper equivalent, making it the largest deposit discovered since 1900. However, deposits of this scale near the surface are becoming increasingly rare.
Notable discoveries like the Escondida deposit, found at a relatively shallow depth of only 40 meters in 1981, contrast sharply with newer, deeper finds like the Resolution deposit, discovered in 2002 at a depth of 1,280 meters.
This trend in recent copper discoveries highlights that copper mines are harder to develop than ever before.
And while copper recycling is expected to play an essential role in meeting growing demand, it won’t be sufficient on its own, according to BHP. An emphasis on primary supply, along with technological progress that improves mine productivity, is crucial.
Overall, BHP’s analysis estimates that a $250 billion investment in the sector is necessary in the next decade to overcome these challenges.
Get more copper insights in BHP’s Economic and Commodity Outlook.
This graphic shows the gold-to-oil ratio since 1946, charting the significant shifts between the world’s two biggest commodities.
This graphic shows the gold-to-silver ratio since 1869.
China currently accounts for two-thirds of global rare earth metals production as of 2023. What other countries are top producers?
Russia leads the pack with natural resources valued at $75 trillion.
This graphic underscores the scale of the challenge the bloc faces in strengthening its critical mineral supply by 2030.
Chinese companies are expected to control 46% of the cobalt supply by 2030.
The post Charted: Major Copper Discoveries Since 1900 appeared first on Visual Capitalist.
