2025-12-16 02:44:00
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As many developed economies face aging populations and shrinking workforces, labor force participation has become increasingly important, and is a key driver behind immigration policy.
This chart compares labor force participation rates between native-born and foreign-born populations across OECD countries, using data from the OECD’s International Migration Outlook 2025. Labor force participation is defined as the share of adults who are either employed or actively seeking work.
Across OECD countries, the average labor force participation rate for immigrants stands at 77%, slightly higher than the 76% average for native-born adults. In many countries, immigrants are just as engaged in the labor market, if not more, than their native-born counterparts.
The table below shows labor force participation rates for native-born and foreign-born populations across OECD countries:
| Country | Foreign-born participation rate | Native-born participation rate |
|---|---|---|
 Chile |
83.0% | 68.9% |
 Luxembourg |
79.2% | 67.8% |
 Costa Rica |
74.1% | 64.5% |
 Portugal |
83.6% | 77.0% |
 Poland |
81.1% | 74.6% |
 Ireland |
81.6% | 76.4% |
 Italy |
71.1% | 65.8% |
 Czechia |
82.1% | 77.2% |
 Colombia |
70.6% | 66.6% |
 Spain |
77.6% | 73.7% |
 Greece |
73.6% | 70.2% |
 United Kingdom |
80.4% | 77.6% |
 Hungary |
81.1% | 78.6% |
 United States |
76.0% | 73.3% |
 New Zealand |
84.3% | 81.8% |
 Estonia |
84.0% | 81.9% |
 Iceland |
90.1% | 88.3% |
 Slovenia |
77.4% | 75.7% |
 Japan |
81.4% | 79.8% |
 Canada |
80.6% | 79.4% |
 Denmark |
83.1% | 82.3% |
 Australia |
80.6% | 80.6% |
 South Korea |
71.8% | 72.3% |
 Sweden |
83.5% | 84.0% |
 Slovak Republic |
75.5% | 76.6% |
 Lithuania |
78.4% | 79.5% |
 Latvia |
75.4% | 76.9% |
 Austria |
76.9% | 78.6% |
 Switzerland |
82.5% | 85.0% |
 Finland |
79.9% | 79.7% |
 Belgium |
68.4% | 71.8% |
 France |
70.9% | 75.2% |
 Norway |
76.6% | 81.6% |
 Germany |
74.3% | 82.1% |
 Mexico |
56.4% | 65.8% |
 Netherlands |
76.3% | 87.5% |
 Türkiye |
49.7% | 60.9% |
 OECD average |
76.9% | 76.1% |
Chile shows the largest gap favoring immigrants, with a 14.1 percentage-point difference in labor force participation. The country’s foreign-born population has grown by 334% since 2014, driven largely by migration from other South American countries such as Venezuela, Peru, and Colombia.
Luxembourg also stands out, with nearly four in five immigrants (79%) active in the labor market, compared to 68% of native-born adults. It also has one of the world’s highest proportions of international migrants in its population. Costa Rica follows a similar pattern, where immigrant participation reaches 74%, versus 65% for native citizens.
While immigrants are more active in many countries, the opposite pattern appears in several large European economies.
In Germany, native-born participation stands at 82%, compared to 74% among immigrants. Although Germany faces labor shortages and has expanded pathways for skilled immigration, around 24% of long-term arrivals are humanitarian migrants, many of whom are not immediately integrated into the labor market.
The Netherlands and Türkiye show the largest gaps, with native-born labor force participation exceeding immigrant participation by 11.2 percentage points in both countries.
If you enjoyed this post, see How Much of Europe is Made of Immigrants? on Voronoi.
2025-12-16 00:45:00
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There are over 8,500 potentially polluting wrecks (PPWs) across the world’s ocean. These shipwrecks may hold as much as 20.4 million metric tons of oil and toxic substances, according to estimates.
This graphic, in partnership with Lloyd’s Register Foundation, shows the global density of World War II wrecks. It uses data from Paul Heersink’s Sunken Ships of the Second World War database and oil estimates from Michel et al., 2005, presented at the International Oil Spill Conference.
World War II battles sank over 75% of PPWs, concentrating most in regions such as the South Pacific (32% of PPWs, 25% of oil) and the North Atlantic (25% of PPWs, 38% of oil).
Here is a table that shows the concentration of PPWs by ocean region and their estimated oil content:
| Ocean Region | Number of Shipwrecks | Oil Volume, Mid-Point Estimate (metric tons) |
|---|---|---|
| South Asian-Pacific | 2,737 | 2,305,000 |
| Northwest Atlantic | 1,393 | 2,256,000 |
| Northewest Pacific | 1,152 | 568,500 |
| Northeast Atlantic | 786 | 1,969,500 |
| Scandinavian-West Russian Arctic | 398 | 493,000 |
| Mediterranean Sea | 361 | 566,000 |
| North Pacific | 329 | 379,000 |
| Indian | 296 | 730,000 |
| Middle-Eastern Gulfs | 193 | 846,500 |
| Southwest Atlantic | 160 | 194,500 |
| Southeast Atlantic | 74 | 441,500 |
| Canadian Artic | 13 | 7,900 |
| East Russian Arctic | 13 | 4,800 |
| Southeast Pacific | 12 | 48,500 |
| Antarctic-Southwest Atlantic | 1 | 108,500 |
| Anarctic-Indian | 1 | 26,450 |
| Antarctic-Southeast Pacific | 1 | 475 |
Source: Michel et. al., 2005
These wrecks remain under the ownership of the original flag states, who have no legal obligation to intervene. As a result, proactive international cooperation is urgently required.
Many PPWs lie in the waters of small island states reliant on fishing and tourism. Even minor oil spills in sensitive marine areas can be devastating.
Here is a table showing the top 10 countries with the most PPWs located in their exclusive economic zones (EEZs), ranked by GDP:
| Country | Ships within EEZ by GDP (Billions US$) |
|---|---|
| Micronesia | 288.49 |
| Marshall Islands | 139.11 |
| Solomon Islands | 74.40 |
| Nauru | 37.42 |
| Kiribati | 22.74 |
| Papua New Guinea | 8.11 |
| Vanuatu | 6.89 |
| Cape Verde | 6.87 |
| Sierra Leone | 5.56 |
| Liberia | 4.63 |
Source: Shipwreck locations – Paul Heersink, 2025; EEZ file – Flanders Marine Institute, 2023
Because these nations often lack the resources to respond, they remain especially vulnerable to emerging threats.
The Malta Manifesto, launched by Project Tangaroa, calls for a global framework to address the PPW threat. It outlines key actions, from identifying high-risk wrecks to supporting coastal nations with limited capacity.
By recognizing that even a single leak in the wrong location can have far-reaching impacts, the Manifesto pushes for equitable, science-based solutions to this overlooked legacy of conflict.
Read the Malta Manifesto.
Visual Capitalist partnered with Lloyd’s Register Foundation to determine which nations believe climate change is a threat.
In this graphic, Visual Capitalist partnered with Lloyd’s Register Foundation to analyze workplace safety and determine the most dangerous industry.
In this graphic, Visual Capitalist has partnered with Lloyd’s Register Foundation to explore the most common household waste disposal practices in 142 countries.
Visual Capitalist has partnered with Lloyd’s Register Foundation to explore how long each generation can cover their needs without income.
This graphic explores 121 nations thoughts on climate change and ranks them by the volume of their population who views it as a threat.
Income security is critical in resilience. In this graphic, we explore how secure people are and how long they could live without income.
This infographic shows the types of workplace violence and harassment faced by people in the global workplace.
This infographic shows public perception of AI all over the globe and how this sentiment is affected by where you live.
2025-12-15 23:28:04
See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources.
About 3.7 million babies will be born in the U.S. this year, the eighth-highest total worldwide.
While America leads in annual births by country across the rich world, it is modest compared to emerging giants. India is set to record more than six times as many births, and Nigeria twice as many.
This graphic shows the top countries by annual birth projections, based on data from the UN’s World Population Prospects 2024 via Our World in Data.
Here is where the most babes will be born this year and by mid-century:
| Rank | Country | Number of Births 2025P |
Rank | Country | Number of Births 2050P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
 India |
23.1M | 1 |
India |
19.0M |
| 2 |
 China |
8.7M | 2 |
 Nigeria |
8.1M |
| 3 |
Nigeria |
7.6M | 3 |
 Pakistan |
7.5M |
| 4 |
Pakistan |
6.9M | 4 |
China |
7.4M |
| 5 |
 DRC |
4.6M | 5 |
DRC |
6.3M |
| 6 |
 Indonesia |
4.4M | 6 |
 Ethiopia |
4.8M |
| 7 |
Ethiopia |
4.2M | 7 |
Indonesia |
3.9M |
| 8 |
United States |
3.7M | 8 |
United States |
3.8M |
| 9 |
 Bangladesh |
3.4M | 9 |
 Tanzania |
3.3M |
| 10 |
 Brazil |
2.5M | 10 |
Bangladesh |
2.7M |
| 11 |
 Egypt |
2.5M | 11 |
Egypt |
2.6M |
| 12 |
Tanzania |
2.4M | 12 |
 Angola |
2.0M |
| 13 |
Mexico |
2.0M | 13 |
Brazil |
2.0M |
| 14 |
 Philippines |
1.9M | 14 |
 Sudan |
2.0M |
| 15 |
 Uganda |
1.7M | 15 |
Uganda |
1.9M |
| 16 |
Sudan |
1.7M | 16 |
 Afghanistan |
1.8M |
| 17 |
 Kenya |
1.5M | 17 |
Mexico |
1.6M |
| 18 |
Afghanistan |
1.5M | 18 |
Philippines |
1.6M |
| 19 |
Angola |
1.4M | 19 |
Kenya |
1.6M |
| 20 |
 Yemen |
1.4M | 20 |
Yemen |
1.6M |
With 23.1 million births, India is forecast to lead globally in 2025.
While the country is expected to drive 17% of all births worldwide, this share is projected to fall to 14% by 2050. Despite its relatively young population, fertility rates are now below replacement levels.
China follows next with a projected 8.7 million births in 2025. However, it is forecast to fall to fourth globally in 25 years. With one of the world’s lowest fertility rates, it is set to be surpassed by both Nigeria and Pakistan.
When it comes to the U.S., births are projected to shift modestly from 3.7 million in 2025 to 3.8 million in 2050.
While declining fertility was often linked to rising incomes and women prioritizing careers, recent evidence points to a reversal. In fact, higher-income families in America have been having more children compared to lower-income families.
To learn more about this topic, check out this graphic on fertility rates in Western-aligned countries.
2025-12-15 21:05:00
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U.S. GDP is made up of many smaller, distinct state economies fueling national growth.
In 2025, states responsible for about a third of U.S. GDP are in recession, or face high recession risk. Another third are expanding, including Florida and Utah, based on payrolls, employment, and other key economic data.
This graphic shows recession risk by state in 2025, based on analysis from Mark Zandi, chief economist at Moody’s Analytics.
To analyze recession risk, Zandi looks at state-level economic activity. This included a range of data such as unemployment, building permits, retail sales, industrial activity, delinquency rates, and tax revenues.
States were then categorized into three buckets based on these factors as of October 2025:
| State/District | Business Cycle Status | Share of U.S. GDP (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Georgia | In Recession/High Risk | 3.03 |
| Montana | In Recession/High Risk | 0.25 |
| Wyoming | In Recession/High Risk | 0.18 |
| Michigan | In Recession/High Risk | 2.44 |
| Massachusetts | In Recession/High Risk | 2.73 |
| Mississippi | In Recession/High Risk | 0.53 |
| Minnesota | In Recession/High Risk | 1.70 |
| Kansas | In Recession/High Risk | 0.80 |
| Rhode Island | In Recession/High Risk | 0.28 |
| Delaware | In Recession/High Risk | 0.34 |
| Washington | In Recession/High Risk | 3.02 |
| Illinois | In Recession/High Risk | 3.85 |
| West Virginia | In Recession/High Risk | 0.36 |
| New Hampshire | In Recession/High Risk | 0.42 |
| Maryland | In Recession/High Risk | 1.86 |
| Virginia | In Recession/High Risk | 2.66 |
| South Dakota | In Recession/High Risk | 0.25 |
| Connecticut | In Recession/High Risk | 1.27 |
| Oregon | In Recession/High Risk | 1.14 |
| Iowa | In Recession/High Risk | 0.86 |
| New Jersey | In Recession/High Risk | 2.93 |
| Maine | In Recession/High Risk | 0.33 |
| District of Columbia | In Recession/High Risk | 0.64 |
| Missouri | Treading Water | 1.54 |
| Ohio | Treading Water | 3.14 |
| Hawaii | Treading Water | 0.39 |
| Arkansas | Treading Water | 0.65 |
| New Mexico | Treading Water | 0.49 |
| Tennessee | Treading Water | 1.87 |
| New York | Treading Water | 7.92 |
| Vermont | Treading Water | 0.16 |
| Alaska | Treading Water | 0.24 |
| Colorado | Treading Water | 1.92 |
| California | Treading Water | 14.50 |
| Nevada | Treading Water | 0.86 |
| South Carolina | Expanding | 1.18 |
| Texas | Expanding | 9.41 |
| Oklahoma | Expanding | 0.92 |
| Idaho | Expanding | 0.43 |
| Kentucky | Expanding | 0.99 |
| Alabama | Expanding | 1.10 |
| Indiana | Expanding | 1.81 |
| Nebraska | Expanding | 0.63 |
| North Carolina | Expanding | 2.86 |
| Louisiana | Expanding | 1.11 |
| Florida | Expanding | 5.78 |
| North Dakota | Expanding | 0.26 |
| Pennsylvania | Expanding | 3.54 |
| Arizona | Expanding | 1.88 |
| Wisconsin | Expanding | 1.53 |
| Utah | Expanding | 1.02 |
Currently, many coastal, Northeastern states are facing some of the worst economic conditions.
In Maine, for instance, year-over-year GDP growth is just 0.8% as of Q2 2025, compared to the U.S. average of 2.1%. Meanwhile, Washington, D.C.’s unemployment rate was 6.4% in July, significantly higher than the 4.6% U.S. average given sweeping federal cuts.
According to Zandi’s analysis, New York and California are “Treading Water”, together responsible for driving over 22% of U.S. GDP.
In comparison, Texas, which fuels 9.4% of U.S. economic growth is expanding. Unemployment rates of 4.0% in July remain below the U.S. average. Additionally, the Texas economy is growing faster than the nation, while income growth rose 6.3% annually as of Q2 2025, outpacing the national average.
To learn more about this topic, check out this graphic on unemployment by state in 2025.
2025-12-15 05:25:08
See this visualization first on the Voronoi app.
This was originally posted on our Voronoi app. Download the app for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources.
Every year, art collectors and institutions spend hundreds of millions at auctions to acquire rare masterpieces. These high-profile sales reflect not just the cultural importance of the works, but also the powerful role of art as a symbol of status, legacy, and financial investment.
The dataset below ranks the top 20 most expensive artworks ever sold at auction, using figures from ARTnews and compiled visually by Julie Peasley.
Here’s the full ranking of the top-selling artworks at auction:
| Rank | Artwork | Artist | Amount sold for ($USD) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Salvator Mundi | Leonardo da Vinci | 450,300,000 |
| 2 | Portrait of Elisabeth Lederer | Gustav Klimt | 236,400,000 |
| 3 | Shot Sage Blue Marilyn | Andy Warhol | 195,000,000 |
| 4 | Women of Algiers (Version ‘O’) | Pablo Picasso | 179,400,000 |
| 5 | Reclining Nude | Amedeo Modigliani | 170,400,000 |
| 6 | Reclining Nude (on Her Left Side) | Amedeo Modigliani | 157,200,000 |
| 7 | Models (Small Version) | Georges Seurat | 149,200,000 |
| 8 | Three Studies of Lucian Freud | Francis Bacon | 142,400,000 |
| 9 | Pointing Man | Alberto Giacometti | 141,300,000 |
| 10 | Twelve Screens of Landscapes | Qi Baishi | 140,800,000 |
| 11 | Woman with a Watch | Pablo Picasso | 139,300,000 |
| 12 | Mont Sainte-Victoire | Paul Cezanne | 137,700,000 |
| 13 | Empire of Light | Rene Magritte | 121,160,000 |
| 14 | The Scream | Edvard Munch | 119,900,000 |
| 15 | Orchard with Cypresses | Vincent van Gogh | 117,620,000 |
| 16 | Young Girl with a Flower Basket | Pablo Picasso | 115,000,000 |
| 17 | Meules | Claude Monet | 110,700,000 |
| 18 | Untitled (1982 Skull) | Jean-Michel Basquiat | 110,500,000 |
| 19 | Lady with a Fan | Gustav Klimt | 108,400,000 |
| 20 | Nude, Green Leaves and Bust | Pablo Picasso | 106,500,000 |
Among the top entries, a few highlights stand out: da Vinci’s Salvator Mundi towers above the rest with a $450 million sale price. Klimt’s 1914 portrait recently surpassed $236 million at Sotheby’s in 2025. Meanwhile, three paintings by Picasso appear in the top 20, underlining his continued dominance in the art world.
The sky-high prices of auctioned art often boil down to a mix of scarcity, provenance, cultural impact, and artist reputation. Fame begets fame as buyers pay a premium for historically significant works or pieces previously held in prestigious collections.
High-net-worth individuals often see fine art not just as a passion purchase but also as a long-term investment and a status symbol. These dynamics help explain why the most prized works, such as those by Klimt, Warhol, or Monet, reach nine-digit figures.
While auction houses like Sotheby’s, Christie’s, and Phillips attract headlines with record-breaking sales, not all valuable artworks are sold this way. Many are sold privately through dealers or art brokers, often to maintain discretion or avoid auction fees.
In recent auctions, there’s been a noticeable uptick in modern and contemporary works, such as Jean-Michel Basquiat and Andy Warhol, reflecting shifting tastes in the collector community.
Out of the top 20 most expensive artworks, only Giacometti’s Pointing Man is a sculpture. This reflects a broader dynamic highlighted in our previous piece on best-selling visual art mediums: paintings consistently command higher prices than other formats.
Factors such as display ease, historical tradition, and broad aesthetic appeal contribute to painting’s enduring dominance in the market.
Looking to dive deeper into the legacy of artists like Vincent van Gogh? Check out our latest post on Voronoi: Where and when did van Gogh create his works.
2025-12-15 01:51:32
See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources.
CNBC’s latest valuations for 2025 show that historic NHL franchises still command the highest price tags, but fast-growing teams in non-traditional markets are beginning to close the gap.
This visualization ranks all 32 NHL teams by their estimated enterprise value, alongside their revenues from the 2024–25 season.
The Original Six are the six NHL teams that made up the league from 1942 to 1967, before major expansion began. All six teams are still active today, and together they account for a large share of the league’s Stanley Cup championships.
Currently, the Toronto Maple Leafs top our list at $4.3 billion, supported by a massive fanbase and strong media revenues. Close behind are the New York Rangers and Montreal Canadiens, both exceeding $3 billion in value.
| Rank | Team | Value | Revenue |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Toronto Maple Leafs | $4.3B | $382M |
| 2 | New York Rangers | $3.8B | $322M |
| 3 | Montreal Canadiens | $3.4B | $324M |
| 4 | Los Angeles Kings | $3.15B | $347M |
| 5 | Edmonton Oilers | $3.1B | $431M |
| 6 | Boston Bruins | $3.05B | $281M |
| 7 | Chicago Blackhawks | $2.75B | $268M |
| 8 | Philadelphia Flyers | $2.6B | $315M |
| 9 | Washington Capitals | $2.5B | $269M |
| 10 | Detroit Red Wings | $2.47B | $251M |
| 11 | New Jersey Devils | $2.45B | $300M |
| 12 | Vancouver Canucks | $2.2B | $234M |
| 13 | Vegas Golden Knights | $2.1B | $243M |
| 14 | Dallas Stars | $2.05B | $252M |
| 15 | Carolina Hurricanes | $2B | $212M |
| 16 | Tampa Bay Lightning | $1.95B | $237M |
| 17 | Calgary Flames | $1.93B | $189M |
| 18 | Minnesota Wild | $1.9B | $250M |
| 19 | Colorado Avalanche | $1.85B | $207M |
| 20 | New York Islanders | $1.82B | $208M |
| 21 | Seattle Kraken | $1.77B | $191M |
| 22 | Pittsburgh Penguins | $1.76B | $206M |
| 23 | Florida Panthers | $1.75B | $235M |
| 24 | Nashville Predators | $1.65B | $192M |
| 25 | St. Louis Blues | $1.62B | $197M |
| 26 | Anaheim Ducks | $1.61B | $175M |
| 27 | Utah Mammoth | $1.6B | $200M |
| 28 | San Jose Sharks | $1.55B | $176M |
| 29 | Winnipeg Jets | $1.46B | $182M |
| 30 | Ottawa Senators | $1.44B | $169M |
| 31 | Buffalo Sabres | $1.42B | $176M |
| 32 | Columbus Blue Jackets | $1.4B | $164M |
The Edmonton Oilers stand out with the highest revenue figure in the league at $431 million. Their run to the Stanley Cup Finals in 2024–25 generated a surge in ticket sales, merchandise, and broadcast interest. As a result, Edmonton now ranks among the league’s most valuable franchises at $3.1 billion.
Outside traditional hockey markets, teams like the Vegas Golden Knights and Seattle Kraken continue to build enterprise value quickly. Vegas, valued at $2.1 billion, has established a strong regional and tourism-driven fanbase. Seattle follows at $1.77 billion, reflecting strong ownership investment and enthusiastic local support.
The Utah Mammoth—a recently relocated franchise—also enter the rankings with a solid $1.6 billion valuation, showing the league’s expansion strategy continues to pay off.
If you enjoyed today’s post, check out Ranked: The Highest Pro Athlete Salaries, by Sport on Voronoi, the new app from Visual Capitalist.
