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Beyond Cycles of Deviation: How Fair Principles Ensure a Stable Nash Equilibrium

2025-09-13 17:15:04

Table of Links

Abstract and 1. Introduction

  1. A free and fair economy: definition, existence and uniqueness

    2.1 A free economy

    2.2 A free and fair economy

  2. Equilibrium existence in a free and fair economy

    3.1 A free and fair economy as a strategic form game

    3.2 Existence of an equilibrium

  3. Equilibrium efficiency in a free and fair economy

  4. A free economy with social justice and inclusion

    5.1 Equilibrium existence and efficiency in a free economy with social justice

    5.2 Choosing a reference point to achieve equilibrium efficiency

  5. Some applications

    6.1 Teamwork: surplus distribution in a firm

    6.2 Contagion and self-enforcing lockdown in a networked economy

    6.3 Bias in academic publishing

    6.4 Exchange economies

  6. Contributions to the closely related literature

  7. Conclusion and References

Appendix

3.2 Existence of an equilibrium

In this section, we state and prove our main result.

\

\ Table 3: A 2-agent game that admits a cycle of deviations

\

\ Table 4: A 2-agent game with Shapley payoffs

\ In the strategic form game in Table 4, the sum of excess payoffs in any cycle of outcomes equals 0. Therefore, the game does not admit a cycle of deviations. The profile x ∗ = (a2, b3) is the only pure strategy Nash equilibrium of the game.

\ Note that the game in Table 4 is generated from a free and fair economy. From Definition 7, a sufficient condition for a finite strategic form game to admit a pure strategy Nash equilibrium is the absence of a cycle of deviations. The sum of excess payoffs in any cycle of deviations has to be strictly positive, as illustrated in Table 3 in Example 2. Such an example of a cycle of deviations can not be constructed in a strategic form game generated from a free and fair economy (see Table 4 in Example 2). We prove that in a strategic form game generated by a free and fair economy, the sum of excess payoffs in any cycle of deviations equals 0.

\

\

\ The principles of market justice that define a free and fair economy are only sufficient conditions for the existence of a pure strategy Nash equilibrium. However, an economy that violates the fair principles may not have a pure strategy Nash equilibrium.

\

:::info Authors:

(1) Ghislain H. Demeze-Jouatsa, Center for Mathematical Economics, University of Bielefeld (demeze [email protected]);

(2) Roland Pongou, Department of Economics, University of Ottawa ([email protected]);

(3) Jean-Baptiste Tondji, Department of Economics and Finance, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley ([email protected]).

:::


:::info This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license.

:::

\

The TechBeat: The Only Marketers Who Should Fear AI Are the Lazy Ones (9/13/2025)

2025-09-13 14:11:04

How are you, hacker? 🪐Want to know what's trending right now?: The Techbeat by HackerNoon has got you covered with fresh content from our trending stories of the day! Set email preference here. ## Streamline Structured + Unstructured Data Flows from Postgres with AI By @badmonster0 [ 8 Min read ] Comprehensive walkthrough on using CocoIndex to build unified, incrementally updated search and analytics pipelines. Read More.

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The Only Marketers Who Should Fear AI Are the Lazy Ones

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By @chainwire [ 3 Min read ] This marks a significant milestone in the game's development, as it moves from its Early Access phase towards a full PC release. Read More. 🧑‍💻 What happened in your world this week? It's been said that writing can help consolidate technical knowledge, establish credibility, and contribute to emerging community standards. Feeling stuck? We got you covered ⬇️⬇️⬇️ ANSWER THESE GREATEST INTERVIEW QUESTIONS OF ALL TIME We hope you enjoy this worth of free reading material. Feel free to forward this email to a nerdy friend who'll love you for it. See you on Planet Internet! With love, The HackerNoon Team ✌️

The Nash Equilibrium of a Fair Economy: A Non-Cooperative Game Theory Perspective

2025-09-13 10:30:21

Table of Links

Abstract and 1. Introduction

  1. A free and fair economy: definition, existence and uniqueness

    2.1 A free economy

    2.2 A free and fair economy

  2. Equilibrium existence in a free and fair economy

    3.1 A free and fair economy as a strategic form game

    3.2 Existence of an equilibrium

  3. Equilibrium efficiency in a free and fair economy

  4. A free economy with social justice and inclusion

    5.1 Equilibrium existence and efficiency in a free economy with social justice

    5.2 Choosing a reference point to achieve equilibrium efficiency

  5. Some applications

    6.1 Teamwork: surplus distribution in a firm

    6.2 Contagion and self-enforcing lockdown in a networked economy

    6.3 Bias in academic publishing

    6.4 Exchange economies

  6. Contributions to the closely related literature

  7. Conclusion and References

Appendix

3 Equilibrium existence in a free and fair economy

In a free and fair economy, agents make decisions that affect their payoff and the payoffs of other agents. One natural question that therefore arises is whether an equilibrium exists. In this section, we first show that a free economy can be modeled as a strategic form game and use the notion of pure strategy Nash equilibrium [Nash, 1951] to capture incentives and rationality. Our main result is that a free and fair economy always has a pure strategy Nash equilibrium.

3.1 A free and fair economy as a strategic form game

\

:::info Authors:

(1) Ghislain H. Demeze-Jouatsa, Center for Mathematical Economics, University of Bielefeld (demeze [email protected]);

(2) Roland Pongou, Department of Economics, University of Ottawa ([email protected]);

(3) Jean-Baptiste Tondji, Department of Economics and Finance, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley ([email protected]).

:::


:::info This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license.

:::

\

From Theory to Formalization: Defining a Free and Fair Economy with Key Axioms

2025-09-13 10:23:44

Table of Links

Abstract and 1. Introduction

  1. A free and fair economy: definition, existence and uniqueness

    2.1 A free economy

    2.2 A free and fair economy

  2. Equilibrium existence in a free and fair economy

    3.1 A free and fair economy as a strategic form game

    3.2 Existence of an equilibrium

  3. Equilibrium efficiency in a free and fair economy

  4. A free economy with social justice and inclusion

    5.1 Equilibrium existence and efficiency in a free economy with social justice

    5.2 Choosing a reference point to achieve equilibrium efficiency

  5. Some applications

    6.1 Teamwork: surplus distribution in a firm

    6.2 Contagion and self-enforcing lockdown in a networked economy

    6.3 Bias in academic publishing

    6.4 Exchange economies

  6. Contributions to the closely related literature

  7. Conclusion and References

Appendix

2.2 A free and fair economy

\ We now formalize the principles of market justice below.

\

\ These axioms are interpreted naturally. Anonymity means that an agent’s pay does not depend on their name. It states that every agent is treated the same way by the allocation rule: if two agents exchange their identities, their payoffs will remain unchanged. An important property that is implied by anonymity is symmetry (or non-favoritism), which means that equally productive agents should receive the same pay. Local efficiency simply requires that the surplus resulting from any input choice be fully shared among productive agents participating in the economy. Unproductivity means that an agent whose marginal contribution is zero at an input profile should get nothing at that profile. Marginality means that, if the adoption of a new technology increases the marginal contribution of an agent, that agent’s pay should not be lower under this new technology relative to the old technology. In other words, more productive agents should not earn less compared to less productive agents. Throughout the paper, we abbreviate the four principles as ALUM.

\

\ Below, we illustrate the notion of a free and fair economy, and provide an example of a free economy that is unfair.

\

\

:::info Authors:

(1) Ghislain H. Demeze-Jouatsa, Center for Mathematical Economics, University of Bielefeld (demeze [email protected]);

(2) Roland Pongou, Department of Economics, University of Ottawa ([email protected]);

(3) Jean-Baptiste Tondji, Department of Economics and Finance, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley ([email protected]).

:::


:::info This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license.

:::

\

How Marketing Ops, Sales Ops, and RevOps Work Together to Help Your Business Grow

2025-09-13 10:15:51

No matter how big or small a business is, it wants to grow. Usually, growth means more revenue, more customers, and better relationships with the people who buy from you. But getting to that level of progress isn't always easy. Teams don't always talk to each other enough, and they often work in their own ways and use their own systems. That can make things take longer, cause confusion, and even make the client's experience worse.

\ Companies have explored several ways to remedy this over time. Marketing Operations, or Marketing Ops, was the first thing that helped marketing teams become more structured and do their jobs better. Sales Operations, or Sales Ops, emerged next to help sales teams work more smoothly and with greater structure.

\ A third approach, Revenue Operations, or RevOps, has gotten a lot of attention. RevOps doesn't only look at one department. It doesn't just look at one thing; it looks at the overall picture and brings diverse teams together.

\ We will go into detail about Marketing Ops, Sales Ops, and RevOps in this article. We will look at how they are different, how they are similar, and why they are strongest when they all operate together.

What is Marketing Operations?

Marketing Ops is all about making the marketing team's job easier. Think of it as the people who support the team. Marketing Ops doesn't write the emails or run the advertising. Instead, they develop the tools and processes that make those jobs easier and more effective.

\ For instance, a marketing team might want to start a new campaign. Marketing Ops will make sure that the necessary technologies are in place to send emails, keep track of results, and count how many leads the campaign brought in. They look at the data, uncover patterns, and come up with better ways to get in touch with people.

\ Marketing Ops also assists with things like:

  • Planning and running campaigns
  • Email marketing tools and workflows
  • Keeping track of data and reporting
  • Making the customer journey better from the first ad to the last sale

\ The best thing about Marketing Ops is that it cuts down on guesswork. The team can plainly see how well a campaign is working instead of just hoping it does. They can automate chores instead of completing them by hand. This makes the whole process of marketing easier and less stressful.

\ In the end, Marketing Ops isn't about cool ideas. It's about making sure that marketing works like a well-oiled machine.

What is Sales Operations?

Sales Ops does something like this for the sales team. It organizes, cleans up, and focuses all of the sales work that needs to be done every day.

\ A lot of things are going on at once for sales teams. They keep track of calls, offer bids, and finalize deals. This can get out of hand without structure. Sales Ops steps in to make things easier so that salespeople may spend more time talking to customers and less time on paperwork.

\ Sales Ops can help with:

  • Making sure the system's data is correct
  • Setting realistic sales goals and forecasting revenues
  • Managing territory and properly distributing leads
  • Organizing the sales funnel
  • Keeping track of opportunities and progress

\ Picture a sales rep trying to follow up with five separate leads, but the system gives them the erroneous contact information. That takes up time. Sales Ops eliminates problems like that by keeping data clean and giving reps tools that help them through the process.

\ Sales Ops has a straightforward goal: make things easier so the sales team can focus on selling. When done well, it makes things better for both the sales team and the customers, who feel less stressed and clearer about what's going on.

Marketing Ops vs. Sales Ops

At first glance, Marketing Ops and Sales Ops may look the same. Both are about using data to make decisions, using tools, and making processes better. Both are there to help their teams and make them work better.

\ But they look at various aspects of the client journey. The goal of Marketing Ops is to get leads and keep them. Sales Ops is all about making those leads into paying clients.

Marketing Ops keeps track of items like:

  • How many leads did a campaign bring in?
  • How many individuals opened an email?
  • The ROI of a marketing plan

Sales Ops keeps track of items like:

  • How many deals were made
  • How quickly do deals go through the pipeline
  • The sales team's success rate

\ The two jobs depend on each other. Sales Ops has a hard time when Marketing Ops provides them with bad leads. If Sales Ops doesn't close enough sales, the marketing work feels like a waste of time. This is why it's so vital for these two to be in sync.

\ When Marketing Ops and Sales Ops talk to one another well, the customer journey goes smoothly. The person proceeds from being intrigued to buying without any problems along the way.

What does RevOps mean?

Revenue Operations, or RevOps for short, goes much farther. RevOps puts all teams that deal with revenue together, instead of just focusing on sales or marketing.

\ This covers sales, marketing, and customer success. It can also involve financial, product, or engineering teams, depending on the organization.

\ The notion is simple: growth isn't merely what happens before someone buys something. It's also about what occurs next. If you give good support to a delighted customer, they are more likely to buy from you again and tell others about your business.

RevOps is all about:

  • Making sure that everyone in the team is working towards the same goals
  • Making it easier for departments to talk to each other
  • Following the whole customer journey from the first contact to the renewal
  • Creating systems that operate for the whole organization, not just one team

\ For instance, if marketing makes a promise in a campaign, sales needs to know about it. And if sales closes a contract, the customer success team needs to be ready to help the customer. RevOps makes sure that this chain is always complete.

\ RevOps makes growth more predictable by breaking down silos. It makes things less confusing, keeps data consistent, and makes the consumer experience better overall.

How They Work Together

Each of these tasks is useful on its own. But when they work together, that's when they really shine.

\ Marketing Ops ensures that campaigns get to the correct individuals and bring in good leads. Sales Ops makes sure that those leads are handled properly and turned into clients. RevOps makes sure that everyone is on the same page so that customers don't feel like they're being handed from one team to another that isn't connected.

\ They work together to make things better. Marketing uses sales data to improve its efforts. Sales get better leads and processes that go more smoothly. Customer success gives feedback that helps marketing change messages and sales change promises.

\ This loop not only makes more money, but it also creates trust. Customers notice the difference when a business is well-organized and follows through on what it says it will do. They don't have to tell three different teams the same thing over and over. They don't get messages that are hard to understand. Instead, customers have a smooth and straightforward experience from beginning to end.

Why This Is Important for Growth

Companies that align their marketing, sales, and revenue operations grow faster than those that don't, according to research. Almost 90% of organizations that use these techniques together say they are growing faster than average.

\ This makes sense. To grow, you don't only have to work harder. It's about being smarter at work. There is less waste, confusion, and missed chances when teams are on the same page.

\

To give an example:

  • A strong Marketing Ops staff can figure out which campaigns bring in the most leads. A good Sales Ops team can make sure that those leads are taken care of fast and well.
  • A competent RevOps team can make sure that both parties, as well as the customer, are working toward the same goals and using the same information.

\ This alignment makes things run more smoothly for customers and less friction within the company. In today's competitive environment, that smooth approach can mean the difference between getting business and losing it.

Example From the Real World

Think of a software company that makes tools for small businesses.

\ The marketing staff sends out emails and runs advertising to get fresh prospects. Marketing Ops keeps track of the data and finds that leads from Facebook advertisements are more likely to turn into customers than leads from Google ads. They move money around so that Facebook gets more of it.

\ The sales staff then gets those leads. Sales Ops makes sure that the pipeline is clear and that each lead is given to the proper rep. They also keep track of how many calls it takes to close a deal and tell the rest of the team about it.

\ After the transaction is made, the customer success team helps the customer learn how to utilize the program. RevOps makes sure that customer success has all the information they need on what was promised during the sale, so there are no surprises.

\ Later, customer success finds out that a lot of customers want a new feature. That feedback goes to marketing and sales so they can change what they say. RevOps makes sure that this feedback loop stays going without any problems.

\ What happened? A client who feels heard, a sales staff that makes more sales, and a marketing team that spends money effectively. This is what happens when you integrate Marketing Ops, Sales Ops, and RevOps together.

The Future of Operations

As organizations get more complicated, these processes will become even more important. Alignment is more crucial than ever because of remote work, new tools, and increasing consumer expectations.

\ Marketing Ops and Sales Ops will keep improving their departments, but RevOps will be more important for putting everything together. Companies that adopt RevOps will find it easier to grow since they won't have to spend time addressing malfunctioning systems or miscommunication.

\ It's not about choosing one way over the other in the future. It means using all three at the same time. They all have a part to play, and collectively they make a strong base for growth.

In Conclusion

Not just fancy words, Marketing Ops, Sales Ops, and RevOps are real. They are useful approaches to improve how businesses work.

\ Marketing Ops helps marketing teams get more done and keep track of their progress. Sales Ops makes sales go more smoothly and with more focus. RevOps brings everything together so that the whole firm functions as a unit.

\ They make a difference on their own. They change the way a business grows when they work together. They cut down on waste, make things easier, and make the customer journey better. And in the end, that's what makes things grow.

\ So, don't conceive of these as separate options if you want your firm to go well. Consider them to be pieces of the same puzzle. When the components fit together, growth becomes not only possible but also predictable.

How to Build a File Uploader Tool with Drag-and-Drop and Cloud Storage

2025-09-13 09:11:11

By Shefali Jangid

\ Ever tried uploading files to a website? Most of them feel like they’re stuck in the past.

\ Users today expect more. They want a file uploader tool that feels effortless, drag-and-drop from their desktop, instant previews, and progress bars that actually let them know what’s going on.

\ And it shouldn’t matter if they’re on desktop or mobile, or uploading a small image or a massive video. The experience should just work.

\ That’s exactly what we’re going to build in this guide.

\ We will be creating a modern file uploader tool with drag-and-drop uploads, real-time progress tracking, and cloud storage integration, so we don’t have to do everything from scratch.

\ The best part? We’ll keep the code clean and simple with explanations so you can easily use it for your own projects.

\ By the end of this guide, we’ll have a user-friendly file uploader tool that meets today’s expectations and makes file management feel smooth and intuitive.

Key Takeaways

  • Add drag-and-drop functionality to our uploader tool that feels natural and simple to use.
  • Build a robust tool that handles multiple file types and sizes efficiently.
  • Integrate cloud storage seamlessly without spending days on API docs.
  • Show real-time progress so users always know what’s happening.
  • Handle errors gracefully, providing clear feedback.

Understanding the Challenge

Building a file upload feature sounds simple at first. We just have to let users pick a file and hit upload, right?

\ In reality, it’s a lot more complicated, especially if we want to build a modern file uploader tool that people actually enjoy using.

\ The first big hurdle is the interface. Users don’t just want a “choose file” button anymore.

\ They expect drag-and-drop, real-time feedback, and a smooth experience whether they’re on desktop or mobile.

\ Then comes the technical part. Regular file uploads using basic HTML forms are slow and confusing. Users don’t see any progress or message, which leaves them staring at a blank screen while they’re waiting for their files to upload.

User annoyed by an outdated file upload interface

As a developer, you need to check if the file is allowed, make sure it’s not too big, and handle different types of files, all while making it look easy and smooth for users.

\ Storage adds another layer of complexity. Do you store files locally? Set up backups? Push them through a CDN so global users don’t face delays?

\ Rolling out your own system is expensive and time-consuming, but cloud storage APIs can feel overwhelming, too.

\ On top of that, security is also a huge concern.

\ File uploads are one of the most common attack vectors on the web. If you don’t verify the files properly, you run the risk of facing malware and data leaks.

\ Learn more about secure file handling on OWASP’s guidelines!

\ And finally, scalability. It’s easy enough to handle uploads when you have ten users.

\ But what happens when hundreds are using your file uploader tool simultaneously? Now you also have to deal with internet speed, how much load your server can handle, and where to store all the files.

Building the Solution

Let's start building our file uploader tool step by step. We'll begin with a simple HTML structure and progressively enhance it into a smooth, user-friendly uploader that our users will actually enjoy.

Step 1: Creating the Basic Structure

First, let's set up our HTML:

| \n \n \n \n \n Modern File Manager \n \n \n \n

\n

File Management System

\n \n \n
\n
\n \n \n \n

Drop files here or click to browse

\n

Support for images, documents, and videos up to 100MB

\n \n
\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n
\n
\n \n \n \n | |----|

\ Here’s what it will look like:

Basic HTML file upload form

Step 2: Styling for a Modern Look

Now, let's add some CSS to make our interface visually appealing. Check out the GitHub repository for the complete CSS.

\ Here’s what it looks like after adding the CSS:

CSS-styled file uploader interface with modern design and responsive layout

\

Step 3: Implementing Core JavaScript Functionality

In this step, we’ll build the logic that powers the file uploader, including event handling, validation, progress tracking, and file management.

Step 3.1: Class Setup and Initial Configuration

Set up the FileManager class and reference the necessary DOM elements. Initialize an empty array to track uploaded files and call the method to add event listeners.

| class FileManager { \n constructor() { \n // Reference DOM elements for file upload \n this.uploadArea = document.getElementById("upload-area"); \n this.fileInput = document.getElementById("file-input"); \n this.progressContainer = document.getElementById("upload-progress"); \n this.progressFill = document.querySelector(".progress-fill"); \n this.progressText = document.querySelector(".progress-text"); \n this.fileList = document.getElementById("file-list"); \n \n this.files = [];// Store uploaded files \n this.initializeEventListeners();// Set up event handlers \n } | |----|

Step 3.2: Setting Up Event Listeners

Attach handlers for clicking, dragging, and dropping, and file selection to make the uploader interactive.

| initializeEventListeners() { \n // Open file dialog when user clicks the upload area \n this.uploadArea.addEventListener("click", () => { \n this.fileInput.click(); \n }); \n \n // Handle file selection from the input \n this.fileInput.addEventListener("change", (e) => { \n this.handleFiles(e.target.files); \n }); \n \n // Drag over the area - highlight the drop zone \n this.uploadArea.addEventListener("dragover", (e) => { \n e.preventDefault(); \n this.uploadArea.classList.add("dragover"); \n }); \n \n // Remove highlight when dragging leaves \n this.uploadArea.addEventListener("dragleave", (e) => { \n e.preventDefault(); \n this.uploadArea.classList.remove("dragover"); \n }); \n \n // Handle files dropped onto the area \n this.uploadArea.addEventListener("drop", (e) => { \n e.preventDefault(); \n this.uploadArea.classList.remove("dragover"); \n this.handleFiles(e.dataTransfer.files); \n }); \n } | |----|

Step 3.3: Handling and Validating Files

Filter files based on size and only proceed with valid ones.

| handleFiles(fileList) { \n const validFiles = Array.from(fileList).filter((file) => { \n // Reject files larger than 100MB \n if (file.size > 100 * 1024 * 1024) { \n alert(`${file.name} is too large. Maximum size is 100MB.`); \n return false; \n } \n return true; \n }); \n \n if (validFiles.length > 0) { \n this.uploadFiles(validFiles); \n } \n } | |----|

⚠️Important: Validate files on both the client and server sides. Client-side checks give instant feedback, but only server-side validation protects our app from malicious uploads.

Step 3.4: Uploading Multiple Files

Show the progress bar, upload each file one at a time, and hide the progress once done.

| async uploadFiles(files) { \n this.showProgress(); \n \n for (let i = 0; i < files.length; i++) { \n const file = files[i]; \n await this.uploadSingleFile(file, i + 1, files.length); \n } \n \n this.hideProgress(); \n } | |----|

Step 3.5: Uploading a Single File with Progress

Simulate file upload by incrementally updating the progress bar until complete.

| async uploadSingleFile(file, current, total) { \n return new Promise((resolve) => { \n let progress = 0; \n const interval = setInterval(() => { \n progress += Math.random() * 15; \n if (progress >= 100) { \n progress = 100; \n clearInterval(interval); \n \n // Add file to list once upload is done \n this.addFileToList(file); \n resolve(); \n } \n \n const overallProgress = ((current - 1) / total) * 100 + progress / total; \n this.updateProgress(overallProgress, `Uploading ${current} of ${total}…`); \n }, 200); \n }); \n } | |----|

Step 3.6: Displaying Uploaded Files

Render the uploaded file in the UI with an icon, size, date, and a delete option.

| addFileToList(file) { \n const fileCard = document.createElement("div"); \n fileCard.className = "file-card"; \n \n const fileIcon = this.getFileIcon(file.type); \n const fileSize = this.formatFileSize(file.size); \n \n fileCard.innerHTML = ` \n

\n
${fileIcon}
\n

${file.name}

\n

${fileSize} • ${new Date().toLocaleDateString()}

\n
\n
\n \n
\n `; \n \n this.fileList.appendChild(fileCard); \n this.files.push(file); \n } | |----|

Step 3.7: Deleting Files

Allow users to delete files, updating the file list and UI accordingly.

| deleteFile(fileName) { \n this.files = this.files.filter((f) => f.name !== fileName); \n this.fileList.innerHTML = ""; \n this.files.forEach((f) => this.addFileToList(f)); \n } | |----|

Step 3.8: File Icons Based on Type

Display appropriate icons based on file MIME type for a better user experience.

| getFileIcon(mimeType) { \n if (mimeType.startsWith("image/")) return "🖼️"; \n if (mimeType.startsWith("video/")) return "🎥"; \n if (mimeType.startsWith("audio/")) return "🎵"; \n if (mimeType.includes("pdf")) return "📄"; \n if (mimeType.includes("word")) return "📝"; \n if (mimeType.includes("excel") || mimeType.includes("spreadsheet")) \n return "📊"; \n return "📁"; \n } | |----|

💡Tip: Show file icons and formatted sizes to give users better feedback.

Step 3.9: Formatting File Sizes

Convert file sizes into readable units like KB, MB, or GB.

| formatFileSize(bytes) { \n if (bytes === 0) return "0 Bytes"; \n const k = 1024; \n const sizes = ["Bytes", "KB", "MB", "GB"]; \n const i = Math.floor(Math.log(bytes) / Math.log(k)); \n return parseFloat((bytes / Math.pow(k, i)).toFixed(2)) + " " + sizes[i]; \n } | |----|

Step 3.10: Showing and Hiding Upload Progress

Control the visibility of the progress bar and update its value dynamically.

| showProgress() { \n this.progressContainer.classList.remove("hidden"); \n } \n \n hideProgress() { \n setTimeout(() => { \n this.progressContainer.classList.add("hidden"); \n this.updateProgress(0, "Upload complete!"); \n }, 1000); \n } \n \n updateProgress(percent, text) { \n this.progressFill.style.width = percent + "%"; \n this.progressText.textContent = text; \n } \n } | |----|

Step 3.11: Initialising the File Manager

Create an instance of the FileManager class to start the functionality.

| // Start the file manager \n const fileManager = new FileManager(); | |----|

Access the complete source code for this file uploader tool here!

With this, our file uploader tool is fully interactive, and users can drag, drop, upload, and manage files effortlessly.

Drag-and-drop file upload interface for easy file selection

Ref: MDN Web APIs - File

Step 4: Integrating Filestack for Cloud Storage

In this step, we will take our file uploader tool to the next level by connecting it to the cloud. We can use tools like Filestack to directly pull from cloud storage, generate secure links, and make everything feel seamless for users.

\ First, add the Filestack SDK to our HTML head:

| | |----|

Then, let's extend our FileManager class to integrate cloud uploads, show previews, and manage file links.

\ For detailed documentation, visit Filestack’s API reference.

Step 4.1: Extending the FileManager with Filestack Integration

| // Extend the basic FileManager class to add cloud storage functionality using Filestack \n class EnhancedFileManager extends FileManager { \n constructor() { \n super();// Call the parent class constructor \n this.client = filestack.init('YOURAPIKEY_HERE');// Initialize Filestack with your API key \n this.picker = null;// Placeholder for the Filestack picker instance \n } | |----|

Important: Use your own API key in place of YOURAPIKEY_HERE; you can get it from the Filestack dashboard.

⚠️Filestack and other cloud services require API keys and setup. For production use, always protect your API keys and configure appropriate security settings.

Step 4.2: Initialising Event Listeners with Filestack Button

| initializeEventListeners() { \n super.initializeEventListeners();// Set up existing file selection and drag-drop listeners \n \n // Add a new button for accessing cloud storage through Filestack \n this.addFilestackButton(); \n } | |----|

Step 4.3: Adding the Filestack Picker Button

| addFilestackButton() { \n const button = document.createElement("button"); \n button.textContent = "Browse Cloud Storage";// Button label \n button.className = "filestack-btn";// Apply styling \n \n // Open the Filestack picker when the button is clicked \n button.onclick = (e) => { \n e.stopPropagation();// Prevent triggering other events \n this.openFilestack(); \n }; \n \n // Add the button to the upload area \n this.uploadArea.appendChild(button); \n } | |----|

Step 4.4: Configuring and Opening the Filestack Picker

| openFilestack() { \n const options = { \n accept: ['image/*', 'video/*', 'application/pdf', '.doc', '.docx'],// Allowed file types \n maxFiles: 10,// Limit number of files selectable at once \n uploadInBackground: false,// Upload immediately instead of in background \n onUploadDone: (result) => { \n // Add each uploaded file to the file list \n result.filesUploaded.forEach(file => { \n this.addCloudFileToList(file); \n }); \n } \n }; \n \n // Open the Filestack file picker with the above options \n this.client.picker(options).open(); \n } | |----|

Step 4.5: Displaying Uploaded Files from Cloud Storage

| addCloudFileToList(file) { \n const fileCard = document.createElement('div'); \n fileCard.className = 'file-card cloud-file';// Styling for cloud files \n \n fileCard.innerHTML = ` \n

\n
☁️
\n

${file.filename}

\n

${this.formatFileSize(file.size)} • Cloud Storage

\n
\n
\n \n \n
\n `; \n \n this.fileList.appendChild(fileCard);// Add to the file list \n } | |----|

Step 4.6: Uploading Files Directly to Filestack

| async uploadSingleFile(file, current, total) { \n try { \n // Upload file using Filestack and track progress \n const fileHandle = await this.client.upload(file, { \n onProgress: (evt) => { \n const progress = (evt.loaded / evt.total) * 100; \n const overallProgress = ((current - 1) / total) * 100 + (progress / total); \n this.updateProgress(overallProgress, `Uploading ${current} of ${total}…`); \n } \n }); \n \n // Once uploaded, add the file to the list view \n this.addCloudFileToList({ \n filename: file.name, \n size: file.size, \n url: fileHandle.url \n }); \n \n } catch (error) { \n console.error('Upload failed:', error); \n alert(`Failed to upload ${file.name}. Please try again.`); \n } \n } \n } | |----|

Step 4.7: Initializing the Enhanced File Manager

| // Instantiate the EnhancedFileManager to replace the default FileManager functionality \n const fileManager = new EnhancedFileManager(); \n \n | |----|

Add this CSS to match our existing styles:

| .filestack-btn, \n .btn-view, \n .btn-share { \n margin-top: 1rem; \n padding: 0.75rem 1.25rem; \n background: linear-gradient(135deg, #00030c, #764ba2); \n color: #fff; \n border: none; \n border-radius: 8px; \n font-size: 0.95rem; \n font-weight: 600; \n cursor: pointer; \n transition: all 0.3s ease; \n box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15); \n } \n .filestack-btn:hover { \n transform: translateY(-2px); \n box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); \n } \n .filestack-btn:active { \n transform: translateY(0); \n box-shadow: 0 3px 7px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15); \n } \n \n | |----|

This integration transforms our basic file manager into a powerful tool.

\ It can handle files from multiple sources, local uploads, cloud storage services like Google Drive and Dropbox, or even URL imports.

\ Filestack manages all the heavy lifting behind the scenes.

\ That includes handling different storage providers, CDN distribution, and file transformations.

File uploader tool integrated with Filestack for seamless cloud storage

\ Ref: Filestack Documentation

Enhancing the Implementation

Now, let's add some advanced features to our uploader tool that will make our file manager stand out.

Real-time File Previews

Users love instant feedback. For images, videos, and PDFs, we can generate previews right in the file list:

| generatePreview(file) { \n if (file.mimetype && file.mimetype.startsWith("image/")) { \n return `Preview`; \n } else if (file.mimetype === "application/pdf") { \n return ``; \n } \n return ""; \n } | |----|

Add this to our CSS file:

| .file-preview { \n width: 100%; \n max-height: 150px; \n object-fit: cover; \n border-radius: 10px; \n margin-top: 10px; \n cursor: pointer; \n } | |----|

And update the addCloudFileToList function to show the previews like this:

| addCloudFileToList(file) { \n const fileCard = document.createElement("div"); \n fileCard.className = "file-card cloud-file"; \n const preview = this.generatePreview(file); // \n

☁️
\n

${file.filename}

\n

${this.formatFileSize(file.size)} • Cloud Storage

\n ${preview} \n