2026-03-04 11:00:11
Running a nuclear power plant isn’t an easy task, even with the level of automation available to a 1980s Soviet RBMK reactor. In their continuing efforts to build a full-sized, functional replica of an RBMK control room as at the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant – retired in the early 2000s – the [Chornobyl Family] channel has now moved on to the SKALA system.
Previously we saw how they replicated the visually very striking control panel for the reactor core, with its many buttons and status lights. SKALA is essentially the industrial control system, with multiple V-3M processor racks (‘frames’), each with 20k 24-bit words of RAM. Although less powerful than a PDP-11, its task was to gather all the sensor information and process them in real-time, which was done in dedicated racks.
Output from SKALA’s DREG program were also the last messages from the doomed #4 reactor. Unfortunately an industrial control system can only do so much if its operators have opted to disable every single safety feature. By the time the accident unfolded, the hardware was unable to even keep up with the rapid changes, and not all sensor information could even be recorded on the high-speed drum printer or RTA-80 teletypes, leaving gaps in our knowledge of the accident.
Setting up a genuine RTA-80 teletype is still one of the goals, but these old systems are not easy to use. Same with the original software that ran on these V-3M computer frames, which was loaded from paper tape (the ‘library’), including the aforementioned DREG program. This process creates executable code that is put on magnetic tapes, with magnetic tape also used for storage.
The workings of the SKALA system and its individual programs including KRV, DREG and PRIZMA are explained in the video, each having its own focus on a part of the RBMK reactor’s status and overall health. Interacting with SKALA occurs via a special keyboard, on which the operator enters command codes to change e.g. set points, with parameters encoded in this code.
Using this method, RBMK operators can set and request values, with parameters and any error codes displayed on a dedicated display. There is also the Mnemonic Display for the SKALA system which provides feedback to the operator on the status of the SKALA system, including any faults.
Although to many people the control system of a power plant is just the control room, with its many confusing buttons, switches, lights and displays, there is actually a lot more to it, with systems SKALA and its associated hardware an often overlooked aspect. It’s great to see this kind of knowledge being preserved, and even poured into a physical model that simulates the experience of using the system.
The long-lived nature of nuclear power reactors means that even today 1960s and 1970s-era industrial automation system are still in active use, but once the final reactor goes offline – or is modernized during refurbishing – a lot of the institutional knowledge of these systems tends to vanish and with it a big part of history.
2026-03-04 08:00:17
If you’ve ever used a ballpoint pen with a clip on the top, you’ve probably noticed they bend pretty easily. The clip relies on you only bending it a small amount to clip it on to things; bend it too far, and it ends up permanently deformed. [Craighill] decided to develop a pen clip that didn’t suffer this ugly malady.
The problem with regular pen clips comes down to simple materials science. Bend the steel clip a little bit, and the stress in the material remains below the elastic limit—so it springs back to its original shape. Push it too far, though, and you’ll end up getting into the plastic deformation region, where you’ve applied so much stress that the material is permanently deformed.
[Craighill] noted this problem, and contemplated whether a better type of clip was possible. An exploration of carabiner clips served to highlight possible solutions. Some carabiners using elastically-deformed closures that faced the same problem, while others used more complicated spring closures or a nifty bent-wire design. This latter solution seemed perfect for building a non-deforming pen clip. The bent wire is effectively a small spring, which allows it to act as a clip to hold the pen on to something. However, it’s also able to freely rotate out from the pen body, limiting the amount of actual stress put on the material itself, which stops it entering the plastic deformation region that would ruin it.
It’s some neat materials science combined with a pleasant bit of inventing, which we love to see. Sometimes there is joy to be had in contemplating and improving even the simplest of things. Video after the break.
[Thanks to Keith Olson for the tip!]
2026-03-04 05:00:58
If all you want is just a basic WiFi extender that gets some level of network connectivity to remote parts of your domicile, then it might be tempting to get some of those $5, 300 Mbit extenders off Temu as [Low Level] recently did for a security audit. Naturally, as he shows in the subsequent analysis of its firmware, you really don’t want to stick this thing into your LAN. In this context it is also worrying that the product page claims that over a 100,000 of these have been sold.
Starting the security audit is using $(reboot) as the WiFi password, just to see whether the firmware directly uses this value in a shell without sanitizing. Shockingly, this soft-bricks the device with an infinite reboot loop until a factory reset is performed by long-pressing the reset button. Amusingly, after this the welcome page changed to the ‘Breed web recovery console’ interface, in Chinese.
Here we also see that it uses a Qualcomm Atheros QCA953X SoC, which incidentally is OpenWRT compatible. On this new page you can perform a ‘firmware backup’, making it easy to dump and reverse-engineer the firmware in Ghidra. Based on this code it was easy to determine that full remote access to these devices was available due to a complete lack of sanitization, proving once again that a lack of input sanitization is still the #1 security risk.
In the video it’s explained that it was tried to find and contact a manufacturer about these security issues, but this proved to be basically impossible. This leaves probably thousands of these vulnerable devices scattered around on networks, but on the bright side they could be nice targets for OpenWRT and custom firmware development.
2026-03-04 03:30:46
One of the ongoing rumors and scandals in professional cycle sport concerns “motor doping” — the practice of concealing an electric motor in a bicycle to provide the rider with an unfair advantage. It’s investigated in a video from [Global Cycling Network], in which they talk about the background and then prove its possible by creating a motor doped racing bike.
To do this they’ve recruited a couple of recent graduate engineers, who get to work in a way most of us would be familiar with: prototyping with a set of 18650 cells, some electronics, and electromagnets. It uses what they call a “Magic wheel”, which features magnets embedded in its rim that engage with hidden electromagnets. It gives somewhere just under 20 W boost, which doesn’t sound much, but could deliver those crucial extra seconds in a race.
Perhaps the most interesting part is the section which looks at the history of motor doping with some notable cases mentioned, and the steps taken by cycling competition authorities to detect it. They use infra-red cameras, magnetometers, backscatter detectors, and even X-ray machines, but even these haven’t killed persistent rumors in the sport. It’s a fascinating video we’ve placed below the break, and we thank [Seb] for the tip. Meanwhile the two lads who made the bike are looking for a job, so if any Hackaday readers are hiring, drop them a line.
2026-03-04 02:00:28
Nobody likes power cords, and batteries always need recharging or replacing. What if your device could run on only the power it could gather together by itself from the world around it? It would be almost like free energy, although without breaking the laws of physics.
Hackaday’s 2026 Green-Powered Challenge asks you to show us your devices, contraptions, and hacks that can run on the power they can harvest. Whether it’s heat, light, vibration, or any other source of energy that your device gathers to keep running, we’d like to see it.
The top three entries will receive $150 shopping sprees courtesy of the contest’s sponsor, DigiKey, so get your entry in before April 24, 2026, to be eligible to win.
As always, we have several honorable mention categories to get your creative juices flowing:
We’ve seen a lot of green-powered projects on Hackaday over the years, ranging from a solar-powered web server to a microcontroller powered by a BPW34 photodiode. Will your entry run off the juice harvested by an LED? It’s not inconceivable!
Solar cells only work when the sun shines, though. As long as your body is putting out heat, this Seebeck-effect ring will keep on running. (Matrix vibes notwithstanding!) Or maybe you want to go straight from heat to motion with a Stirling engine. And our favorite environmental-energy-harvester of all has to be the Beverly Clock and its relatives, running on the daily heat cycles and atmospheric pressure changes.
So what’s your energy-harvesting project? Batteries are too easy. Take it to the next level! All you have to do to enter is put your project up on Hackaday.io, pull down the “Submit Project to…” widget on the right, and you’re in. It’s that easy, and we can’t wait to see what you are all up to.
And of course, stay tuned to Hackaday, as we pick from our favorites along the way.
2026-03-04 00:30:58
Before it became viable to distribute and play music tracks on home computers, the use of FM and Wavetable synthesis was very common, with MIDI Wavetable-based devices like the Roland MT-32 and SC-55 still highly sought after today. The Creative Midi Blaster MB-10 that [Yeo Kheng Meng] reviewed and tore down for an analysis isn’t quite as famous or sought after, but it provides a good example of what Creative Labs was doing at the time in this space.
Released in 1993, it definitely has more of a popular style vibe to it than the utilitarian Roland devices, even if this means highly impractical curves. In the list of features it claims Roland MT-32 emulation, which would have made it quite a bit more useful to the average user, including gamers of the era. Games like DOOM supported these MIDI devices for audio, for example.
In terms of price only the Roland SC-55ST comes close to the MB-10, similarly dropping a screen and a host of features. In terms of features the MB-10 claims far fewer instruments than the SC-55 variants, with even with the slightly higher priced SC-55ST massively outgunning it in raw specs. So would you ever buy the MB-10 back then and consider it a ‘good deal’? If $100 in 1990s money was worth losing full MIDI compatibility for, then it seems the answer was ‘yes’.
During the teardown of the MB-10 we can find an 8051-based Siemens processor that handles the MIDI interfaces and a Dream SAM8905 effects processor. Most of the remaining ICs are ROM chips that contain the firmware and MIDI banks, with the ROM dumps found in this GitHub repository.
The analog output stage includes the venerable TL074CN opamp and TDA1545 DAC, as well as a TDA2822M power amplifier IC. All of which is typical off-the-shelf for the era and also not something where Creative spent big bucks. It also appears that the 20-note polyphony claims on the box are false, as the Dream processor can only do 16 notes, which a quick test confirmed.
Despite being the cheaper option, it seems that most people with the spare cash to splurge on an external MIDI Wavetable device opted for a Roland one. These days it’s correspondingly quite hard to find an MB-10 for sale, unlike Roland MT-32 and SC-55 variants, yet considering software compatibility you really want to just stick with MT-32 and SC-55 compatibility anyway.
